NPV method

This report focuses on three Important aras of financial management namely swell body structure, Management of Working Capital and Investment appraisal. While the flirt two parts of the report epitome Apples activities, the last part of the report is related to the given scenario. The first part of the report evaluates Apples keen structure. by and by de terminationining the fellowships bully structure, the report willing evaluate variant financing options for the familys capital embellishments. The analysis involves the toll of debt and put updor. The aim Is to justify the financing decision for a Eng term.The second part of the report evaluates the performance of Apples functional capital management practices. This part relies on the ratio analysis. Current Ratio, Debtors, Creditors and Inventory days will be calculated over a three categorys period. The data is gathitherd from the Yahoo Finance. In severalize to make the analysis more meaningful there will be a b enchmarking with a master(prenominal) competitor. The last part of the report conducts NAP analysis to find out the best investment option for the given scenario. The project with the mellowedest NAP is likely to be most beneficial for the company.Subsequently conclusions will be drawn. primer for Choosing Apple for this study I have a personal interest in this company as it is seen the most successful company in the world at the moment. I will be adequate to learn from the best practice. Capital Structure and Financing Decision A firms optimal capital structure is the mix of debt and equity that minimizes the weight cost of capital of the firm. When the cost of capital is minimized, the total shelter of firms sh ars are maximized. As a result the minimum cost capital structure is called as the optimum capital structure. (Moyer et al. 012) agree to Moles et al. (201 1) managers decide on the optimum capital structure based on the trade-offs between the benefits and cost of de bt. The fact that there are a number of different benefits and costs associated with the use of debt flagging suggests that managers will balance these different options. Moles et al. (2012) explains that debt can be cheaper as debt is less risky than the equity. In addition, there is a tax advantage with debt financing as interest expenses are generally tax deductible. Another world, the company pays less tax if they use debt financing.However, a company can go into liquation If It cannot payback Its debts of Interest obligations. harmonize to Apples financial statements on Yahoo Finance (2012) over the last three years period (2009, 2010 and 2011 ) the company did not have any long term debt as well as short term debt. While the companys retained earnings increased from $23. 4 billion in 2009 to $37 billion in 2010 and this figure r all(prenominal)ed to $63 billion in 2011, the company financed its projects through retained profits. The company was able to do this because It had l arge profits. Apples net profits were $8. Lion, $14 billion and $25. 9 billion In 2009, 2010 and 201 1 respectively. According to the Apples Annual and $1. 3 billion in 2011, 2010 and 2009 respectively. Currently the company is using equity option to finance its capital expenditure. According to BBC (2012) this year the company announced $2. 65 per share quarterly dividends. This is the first dividend earnings since 1995. As the company does not pay regular dividends, it is not meaningful to calculate the companys cost of equity using the divided valuation model. However, the market prices of Apple shares increased almost 22% in 2011.Therefore, it can be said that Apples cost of equity is quite high. In conclusion, currently Apple finances its capital projects through equity financing. With a possible debt financing the company is likely to reduce its cost of capital. This could be a good idea if the companys profit figures start to resist. According to the financial statements of the company Apple did not have any short term or long term loans between 2009 and 2011. Analysis of on the job(p) capital management Working capital management concerns with organizing a companys short term sources to sustain on-going activities mobiles funds and optimism liquidity.It further dropped to 1. 61 in 2011. The companys figures can be compared with the Blackberry manufacturer RIM. RIMs current ratios are higher than Apples in 2010 and 2011. RIM 2011 2010 2009 current Ratio 2. 08 2. 06 2. 39 The main reason for the decline in Apples current ratio is decline in debtor and from 2010 to 2011. In the same period, the inventor days decline from 9. 3 days to 4. 4 days. This argues that the efficiency of the companys working capital management as they were able to bump the money from debtors faster and to keep fewer inventories.The company also was able to keep creditors days high with 135. 5 days. Consequently the companys current ratio declined dramatically in recent years . However, this decline should be seen as a positive development as the company has been leaner in recent years. Therefore, the figures above indicate the companys working management practices are successful. Investment Appraisal with NAP method Net present value (NAP) of a project is the sum of the present values of all its cash flows, both outflows and inflows. The rate use to displace the cash flows must be consistent with the projects risk.Another word, if the project risky then higher discount rates should be used when appraising the investment options. The same company might use different discount rates for its difference projects depending on a rockiness of the project. (Graham and Smart, 2011) According to Graham and Smart (2011) the companies can invest in any projects if the NAP figure is positive as any positive figure will increase the value of the company. The table below demonstrates the NAP calculations for an investment option. Delta Printing is considering buying m achinery and there are three different purchase options.The machines can be used for a six-year period. After six year mould A and B can be sold with a scraped value. Initial cost of each options are as follows El m for Machine A, CHEEK for machine B and CHEEK for Machine C. According to the initial cost figures the Project C is the best option as it requires less investment. However, there will be no scrapped value for Machine C. With the original figures, it is difficult to make a decision. In this case, NAP method can simplify the investment decisions. The cash inflows are discounted with the companys cost of capital of 15%.