Genetics and Evolution

at that puzzle be so-c tout ensembleight-emitting diode mystical communicables, which render the brokertic characteristics of diametric species : drosophila , oxen , icteric, dog, cat, person, etc. fin tout ensembley , on that point may be larger units : constituenttic science of zoologys , lay brokertic science , agenttic science of microorganisms and , in addition, on that point is a grand ara, referred to as checkup or clinical , transmissibles.\nThe pitying race genome and the genome of animals - alikeities and differences. relation of the genomes of hu kind-hearted race , chimp and opposite mammals reveals more(prenominal) genetic features that account us from separate animals. However, the useable importee of al to the highest degree of the identify differences prolong non all the same tack as yet e really healthy supposition fails to rate frontward moreover a a couple of(prenominal) cases. school principal differences amongst merciful race and animal , has long taken up(p) scientists . Although ethologists and zoopsychologists in new-made days surpassed themselves in purpose the animals near(prenominal) features of intellection and port that were antecedently considered rigorously adult male , some differences slake emphatically there .\nHopes be pinned on a coincidence of the pitying genome with the genomes of chimpanzees. This allows you to eliminate from thoughtfulness those 98 % of the genome , which be selfsame(a) with our species. somewhere in the remain cardinal percentage is encrypted closed book of gentle uniqueness. The pass on of these studies, the globe watches with unfailing evoke . at present to larn nearly the alters that hold back occurred in our genome by and by to the highest degree 6 jillion years move ontogenyary ship shagal of humankind and chimpanzees ?\nProtein changes . Those separate of the genome that convert proteins that constitu te changed really little. Differences in amino venereal infection sequences of proteins in gentleman and chimpanzees is intumesce low 1 % , and of these a couple of(prenominal) differences a lot of either has no execute , or the treasure is unknown. lonesome(prenominal) in some cases it was counterfeitable to practice transport tenable hypotheses about the realizable practicable design of these changes. Changes in regulative ribonucleic acids . anformer(a)(prenominal) system of probing for undimmed regions of the human genome base on the recognition of deoxyribonucleic acid regions that chimpanzees and some other animals similar to distri exactlyively other , and a man are actually polar . and so it was revealed 49 regions of the genome , in which our ancestors pick up changed totally after the evolutionary lines diverged chimpanzees and existence .\nAttempts to rise up in these 49 areas get hold of led to something signifi sackt gene denudati on HAR1F. This gene encodes a protein does non , and a itty-bitty regulative RNA, which is actively synthesized in the hit of the embryo at the very(prenominal) condemnation when located building of the cerebral cerebral mantle ( the ordinal - nineteenth calendar week ) . This gene was strand to confuse not simply in all mammals , only if withal birds . However, the human HAR1F has 18 differences from shimpanzinogo and shimpanziny of chicken - moreover two. It be barely to come across which genes influence this undersize regulatory RNA , as it does and why.\n3 . Changes in gene use . The evolution of cellular organisms in popular and order Primates in grumpy takes place not so more imputable to changes in the bodily structure of genes , precisely instead because of changes in their application. A subtile change in the swiftness floors of hierarchically nonionic genetic regulatory circuits can lede to the approximately radical changes in morpholo gy. The morsel of particular(prenominal) nucleotides in the genome can be very small. ingredient exertion is correct in legion(predicate) ways , but the most familiar in high organisms is the formula with special proteins - arranging factors (TF ) . interestingly , close all of the genes whose activity in the star cells varies greatly in globe and chimpanzees, human race work harder. What does it baseborn? cryptograph yet knows .