Tacitus Germania and Women

Germania, written by the Roman Cornelius Tacitus in 98 A. D, is a historical work on the warlike Germanic tribes located north of the Danube and the Rhine rivers. Anthropology is the playing field of societies, glosss, and origins of human races. In Germania, Tacitus describes the inhabitants, customs, and society of these Germanic tribes giving valuable anthropological insight. Tacitus specific in ally describes the role wowork force held in these early Germanic societies.Germania is anthropologically insightful of Germanic wo hands by showing the high opine the Germanic tribes held toward women evidenced by dint of the womens influence on wars, their role in society, and the Germanic union customs. Cornelius Tacitus was natural in 56 A. D in the area of southern Gaul. By the year 75 he lived in Rome training as an orator. A year later he married the daughter of the consul Julius Agricola. In later years he wrote a biography of Julius Agricola. He ultimately took up a pass age in politics rising from senator all the way up to the consulship in 97.After the consulship he continued with his political career as proconsul of Asia only if began to write historical works as well. more or less of Tacitus major works include Agricola written in 97-8, Germania written in 98, The Histories, recording Roman history from 69 to 96, and The memorial, recording the history from 14 to 68. Tacitus is known as one of the great historians and prose stylists who wrote in Latin. His works The Histories and The Annals are among the masterpieces of Latin literature. Little evidence exists of Tacitus later life or the date of his death. 1Germania is split into 46 chapters or sections. Each one focuses on a different aspect of Germanic life and society. The book begins with a description of the geography of Germania with its boundaries of rivers, mountains, and the ocean. Tacitus then continues to describe the people themselves as a race little affected by immigration (37 ) because of their geography. The name Germania came from the first people to cross the Rhine and defeat the Gauls. The inhabitants took the name Germani in honor of the conquerors and the menace they brought with them.Tacitus givesdescriptions of the Germanis religion, warlike society, home life, government, and the specific Germanic tribes or groups. With forecasts to religion, the Germani have umteen gods. Their near important god is Mercury. The Germani were known to give human sacrifices to lenify Mercury at times. Other gods such as Hercules and Mars besides required animal sacrifices. The Germani are a very warlike society. Tacitus describes in detail their national war song to the gods sung before and during passage of arms with a deep throaty roar. In the words of Tacitus, The Germani have no taste for peace (41). They are a culture of war.This warlike culture effects the home life and government of the Germani. Marriage is an important psychiatric hospital for the Germani and is highly revered. Tacitus cites that the women are in fact one of the mens greatest motivations for success in war. Though their kings are elect by dread birth, they choose leaders for their valor. Neither the leaders nor the kings, however, have absolute power. Tacitus expounds upon all these aspects of Germani society in great detail. To conclude Germania Tacitus describes the specific practices of more than 20 individual nations and tribes within the area of Germania.The first evidence Germania gives of the Germanis high regard for women is apparent through the womens influence on the men during war. The women encouraged the men during war and had a great power to motivate the men. Tacitus explains how the women and children were the dearest possessions of the men and continues to say, to them he looks for his highest praise. The men take their wounds to their mothers and wives, who are not afraid of figuring and examining the blows, and bring food and encouragem ent to those fighting (38).The women are taking a very active role in war through fondness for the men. The men do not take this for granted, this is their greatest motivation. Tacitus explains more to the full the womens ability to motivate the men, Tradition has it that armies wavering and even on the orchestrate of collapse have been resumed by the steadfast pleas of the women, who bared their breasts and described how wet they were to enslavement a fate that the men fear more keenly for their women than for themselves (38).The women had such a strong power to motivate the men that they could restore the strength of a failing army. The Germanis high regard of women is evident by the womens ability to motivate and encourage the men during war. The thoughts and opinions of Germani women were regarded highly giving them a valuable role in society. Tacitus explains, they believe that there resides in women something saintly and prophetic, and so do not scorn their advice or c ontract their replies (39).Many societies, in particular during this time, believed women to be incapable of intelligent reasoning. The Germani, however, believe women have something blessed or prophetic within them. This caused the men to listen to the advice and opinions of the women rather than toss them out as ignorant. This role of women, possessing something holy and sharing advice, shows a high regard for women in Germanic society. Lastly, the respect and honor shown to women through the Germanic marriage customs show a high regard for women.Tacitus praises the Germanis strict batch of marriage. Tacitus describes their marriage customs, They are almost unique among barbarians in being satisfied with one wife each The component part is brought not by wife to husband, but by husband to wife. Parents and kinsmen attend and approve the gifts, gifts not chosen to please a muliebritys whim or gaily deck a young bride, but oxen, a horse with reins, a shield with rotating sh aft and sword (43). By each man taking one cleaning lady for life the Germani demonstrate a value of women as more than property.The most unique and remarkable custom though regards the dowry. In most cultures the dowry is the gifts and inheritance the bride has to offer the groom. With the Germani, however, this is reversed. Instead the man must bring a dowry to offer the bride. The dowry is not made up of scatterbrained items for the bride to enjoy but practical items for living. This custom shows the brides worth and honor and demonstrates the Germanis turn over of women as being valuable and intelligent. The women of Germania are not pushed aside or placed at the bottom of Germanic society.Instead, they motivate the men in war renewing their strength when they are weary. The men value the women liberal to place their safety above their lives in battle. The Germani believe the women to have something holy within them, so the men listen to them and do not disregard there advice . Finally, the men do not trade women as possessions but honor them with a dowry and stay true to one woman in marriage. These anthropological insights of Germanic women described in Germania show the Germanic people held women in high regard in their culture and society.

Afghanistan War Essay

Afghanistan has been in war with the U. S. mainly because, The Taliban refuses to follow through with the commands that the U. S. gave them, as well as The ternary Phases, Also the planned fire in 2001, but mainly because the U. S. wants the mineral resources that ar found in Afghanistan. The Taliban refused to endeavor 3 simple tasks shutting atomic reactor the terrorist training camps, giving up the Al-Qaeda leaders and re creaseing all American and Foreign citizens, which is fall in of the source that we went to war with Afghanistan in 2001.The Three Phases started in 1987-present the first descriptor was to topple the Taliban and destroy all terrorist camps from 1987-1997, the second phase was to defeat the Taliban soldiery and re-build core institutes in the sheepskin coat state from 1997- September11, 2001, and the triplet phase was to turn to counterinsurgency doctrine ascribable to increased military troop heading from 2001-present. America was planning an attack on Afghanistan to start off the third phase but what they didnt know is that Afghanistan was planning an attack to the similitude towers to get back at the U.S. for what they did in the past years.The main reason to the war in Afghanistan was to get most of the mineral resources in Afghanistan that atomic number 18 very valuable, and costs lots of money. Afghanistan and The U. S. A. are at war d The Taliban has refused to do the commands that the president of the U. S. (Mr. Bush) told them to do. More than cardinal weeks ago from October 7th, 2001 the Taliban refused to shut down their terrorist camps, give up their leaders, and return all American and foreign citizens. blush though the U. S. s at war with Afghanistan, president Bush restrict up an arrangement so that afghan people who were suffering from starvation and medical issues could be cured with the droppings of food, medical aid and, smashing drinking water so that they can survive and keep the afghan population aliv e, and for them to know what America can do when other Countries are in a time of need.George W. Bush on Sunday October 7th, 2001 utter The Military action is a part of our campaign against terrorismWe ordain win this conflict by the patient accumulation of successes, by clashing a series of challenges with determination and ordain and purpose. (Bush) This quote states that America will do everything in its power to get revenge on Osama lay in Laden (Jerry Robinson) the person that President Bush thinks that he was behind the attack of the Twin Towers. Barack Obama dramatically increased the military troop presence in Afghanistan to have a larger force to protect the population from Taliban attacks due to, the Three Phases. The Three Phases consist of 1) Toppling the Taliban 2) Defeating the Taliban military and rebuilding core institutions of the afghan state 3) a turn to counterinsurgency doctrine due to the increase rates of military army in Afghanistan(Witte).Phase one had lasted from 1979-1989 when Soviet troops were withdrawn. Phase two lasted from1989-2001 the forces the linked States and its allies had trained and build up now fought each other in complex coalitions for control of Afghanistan. The thirdly Phase lasted from September 11, 2001-present during Phase three on September 22, 2001 The United Arab Emirates and later Saudi Arabia withdrew their recognition of the Taliban as the legal government of Afghanistan, departure neighboring Pakistan as the only remaining country with diplomatic ties. o some extent most of the Terrorist camps in Afghanistan were destroyed, and the government was ousted. Also, The Taliban surrendered within two months, much more quickly than expected. The Taliban and al-Qaeda began to regroup in 2003, by and by the United States shifted its military efforts to fighting the war in Iraq, and attacks on U. S. and NATO troops have continued since. The overall aim now is to ensure a stable Afghanistan that is no long er a hotbed for terrorist organisations. This all happened due to the Three Phases.

Flight Centre Case Study

c beer nucleus Graham Turner structured the company as families, colonys and kindreds. The creation of this un pertainled system has also worked to the company? advantage. It provides incentives based on outcomes. The Flight sum? system is based on the imagination that flock work trump in their preferred environment within the larger organisation preferably than trying to fit them into the company? mould. The employees believe ? hat gets rewarded gets d maven.? they are disfranchised workers but also enjoy the many social aspects of the company including thrum nights, award ceremonies and team get-togethers.This essay would focus on how public life stigmatizeping center has structured with the four aspects of the organisation structure. Explains how safety valve essence has integrated the Mintzberg? tailfinsome elements to its structure. This essay would also highlights the roles of amoural and social strength. Finally, the metaphors used by public life conden se would be discussed. Structure of Flight Centre The importance of organisational structuring and restructuring to organisational forte seatnot be over emphasized.Effective organisational design or organisational structuring pays immense dividends, no matter how large or small the organisation is (HRODC , 2006). The founder of the Flight Centre Ltd, Graham Turner claims that hatful are hard fit out to work in small groups within larger groups. To understand this anomalous structure the four aspects of organisation structure, complexity, formalization, centralization and coordination, female genitalia be used. complexity refers to the way in which the organization is divided into different divisions, departments, groups, or man-to-man roles, apiece with its own tasks and responsibilities.Vertical differentiation refers to the follow of hierarchical levels in an organization (Robbins & Barn rise up, 2006). At the Flight subject matter, the surgical operation level involv es sell shops. all(prenominal) shop involves three to seven race working on cardinal brand which is called a family. The area or a ? illage? involves 7 or 10 families within one geographical region. The tribal state of matter is a set of three or four villages. Each tribe is a different brand, brands include corporate traveler, pip burden and school-age child feathers (refer vermiform appendix 1).In horizontal differentiation, different part of the organization become narrow in different activities to increase efficiency (Robbins & Barnwell, 2006). All shops of relief valve nubble sell similar function even though the names (corporate traveler, feather concentrate and student line of achievements) are different which makes it easy to coordinate activities and to transfer among families. Moreover, due to the similarities of jobs within a family, on that point are no differences mingled with the staff.However, a special horizontal clustered family consisting of H R, IT and marketing professionals, provides administrative values for retail shops. By clustering different types of functions and activities on any one level of the hierarchy has the advantage of application of higher(prenominal) technical association for solving problems and greater group and professional identification (Luthans, 1986). Flight content has to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) than 800 shops spatially outspread. High-rise of overseas shops would increase the number of tribes, villages, families and employees. As a result, it would be difficult to communicate, coordinate and control.According to Baumard & Starbuck (2006), the members of spatially sprinkle organizations seek appreciation within networks of friends and relatives, and they form sub goals that spread across several(prenominal) organizations and that may be more important to them than their focal organization. These commwholeies encompass more aspects of their lives than the strict du ties of their work contracts so work and leisure infiltrate each other. Formalization refers to the extent to which rules, regulations, job descriptions, policies, and procedures govern the operation of an organization. Robbins & Barnwell, 2006). Although the flight center on has a flat structure it has three levels (tribe, village and family) which shows that there is a hierarchy within the structure. Flight revolve about also follows reliable standards to obligate in the business. Flight total maintain the levels and number of families, villages and tribes. Each family can sell a single service, Entry age to Flight centre is normally 25 years. Managers of the shops can take 10% profit and may own up to 20% of their shop. Some rituals include ? uzz nights? one a month and formal get-togethers.Centralization refers to the degree to which decision-making is concentrated at one point in the organization. At flight centre, there are no confusions about peoples goals, tasks, style of functioning, account relationship and sources of information. The ? ountry? spoils services for villages and families. A modify structure provides people with a clear picture of how their work fits into the organization. The gussy up teams analyze innovations and recent ideas. However, at flight centre, there is no alter control of the show smear.Coordination is integration of activities of specialized units towards the common objective. (Anderson, 1988). Programmed coordination requires advanced formulation and is often used where there are a small number of expected occurrences (Argote, 1982). Programmed coordination is common in the flight centre. A head office team coordinates administrative services and marketing. Like wise, deck out teams direct new businesses. All the retail shops are individually coordinated by the shop motorcoachs. Furthermore, get-togethers and Buzz-nights are informally coordinated. Common Elements in giving medicationOne example proposed by Henry Mintzberg suggests that every organization has five parts (illustrated in appendix 2). The five parts of the organization may vary in size and importance depending on the organization? environment, technology and other factors (Robbins & Barnwell, 2006). At the bottom of the organization is the operating means. At the flight centre, it is referred to the members of the family (retail shops), employees who do the elementary work of selling or delivering the services. The Strategic pinnacle is charged to view that the organization executes its mission.Flight centre has a unique way of dissemination of powers where all authorities are not given to the tribes. However, the tribal country or the regional office is the centre that administrates the brands (corporate traveler, flight centre and student flights) which are retail shops. They also facilitate training and recruitment, buying vacation packages and other employee link services to the villages. Moreover, the head o ffice or the mount could also be taken in to consideration because they would be establishing and observe the company? visions, goals and strategies.Each family or the retail shop has a motorcoach who connects the operating core to the strategic apex. Moreover, managers of the administrative families (head office teams) would also be included. They are responsible for implementation and coordination at the departmental level. The technostructure of the flight centre involves the HR, IT and marketing professionals who have the responsibility for effecting forms of standardization in the organisation. According to the flight centre report (1999), due to the recruitment system, they have changed the way they find and attract the best staff.Moreover, technostructure would also include the flight centre SWOT teams where they focus on innovations and try new ideas. Support staff refers to the people that provide indirect support services. Support staff of flight centre includes legal Counselors, cafeteria Workers, security guards and peons. In any organisation, one of the above five (strategic apex, operating core, technostructure, middle line and support staff) would be dominant. The organisation is organise according to the dominating element.When the strategic apex is dominant, control is centralized and it forms a simple structure (Beshears, 2006). At the Flight centre, functions the strategic apex issue to be more dominant than the other aspects. Firstly, the powers of the organisation are dispersed to some level at the flight centre, regional office or the tribal country administrates the brands (corporate traveler, flight centre and student flights) which are retail shops. They also facilitate training and recruitment, buying pass packages and other employee related services to the village and can be considered as more centrally controlled.Secondly, the SWOT teams and the administrative teams are specialized all other families do a standardized work, w hich involves servicing customers and selling products. The structure of flight centre could also be considered flat because it only has three levels and the operating core reports to their respective managers. Some advantages include clear accountability and flexibility to suffice to the issues of the customers. Decision-making at the Flight centre appeared to be limited. The tribal country makes decisions regarding administrative the technical matters.The tribal country facilitates brands and other employee related services to the villages and families. Moreover, shop managers make decisions at the family level although the travel consultants are empowered. Even though Flight centre have more similarities of a strategic apex it also has a few differences. As the flight centre has more than 800 retail shops worldwide and in each year 150 more shops are adding up, the operations would be complex because it would have more families, villages and tribe which would make intercourse a nd coordination barriers.Furthermore, some authorities are decentralized from the tribal country, such authorities include buying products from wholesalers. Roles of functional and social specialization As organisations become large and physically dispersed, it requires people with specialized cognition and expertnesss to attend to problems professionally and reduce waste. The main functional areas in the flight centre include HR, marketing and information technology. In the quickly ever-changing business environment Information technology has becomes a vehicle for fate firms to reach their business goal more effectively.Flight Centre is well placed to keep pace with industry changes. As the flight centre is geographically dispersed, information technology enables them with quicker and more effective communication and customer support. Social specialization that is required by the IT professionals includes attending to faults 24-hours because flight centre is worldwide organisati on where they deal with travelling and ticketing. If an IT personnel is not available, all the operations might come to a halt because tickets and holiday packages are sold worldwide.In a successful organisation, employees are seen as their primary source of competitive advantage. One of the success factors of Flight centre is that they continuously identify and adopt innovative human resource solicitude policies and practices to sustain that advantage. It also include how they have structured their work and intentional their training, performance management, pay, and reward policies to help members of flight centre to succeed in achieving desired outcomes. In other words, they have aligned their HRM policies and practices to reinforce employee behaviors that can best realize the leaders strategic intent.As HR professionals, they would ensure that equal employment opportunities (EEO) are not violated. The marketing department of the flight centre is like the center of a wagon whe el with each talk connected to other departments (in- and out-side the company) including sales, production, research, advertising, etc. The center of the wheel connects the various parts so they work in harmony. With this analogy, it is easy to see that the main function of marketing is managing relationships in the organization, with outside vendors, and the consumer.Without marketing there is no consumer and without the consumer there is no use for the product or service the company is producing (University of California, 2005). Standards that are required by the marketing professionals include, caring all stakeholders customers, employees, suppliers and distributors, local communities in which they do business, society, and the environment. For example, in promotional activities such as advertising, they would respect the master of ceremonies country? culture. Centralizing and modify Decentralization refers to decision making at lower levels in the hierarchy of authority.In c ontrast, decision making in a centralized type of organizational structure is at higher levels. The degree of centralization and de-centralization depends on the number of levels of hierarchy, degree of coordination, specialization and bilk of control (Luthens, 1986). The main reason that the ? ountry? as a business unit buys services for villages and families is to achieve economy of scale and to reduce waste. If the villages or the families buy services, it would increase the cost and repetition. To reduce complexity and to make coordination easy, a head office team facilitates HR, IT and marketing services.To follow a certain reporting duty each family is empowered with a manager. It would reduce the volume of everyday communication between the tribe and the family and have a clear accountability. Decentralizing the authority to the travel consultants would reduce the probability of information choke off and would facilitates rapid response to all customers. It would also redu ce the stress and burdens of senior management. As travel consultants, they would have a better knowledge of local conditions impact their areas of work. This would leave alone them to make more informed, well-judged choices.Moreover, motivates travel consultants and can enhance their skill development opportunities. However, decentralizing would reduce consistency in decision-making and some sometimes customers may perceive it as unfair. Advantages of using metaphors To recognize and cope with the idea that all theories of organization and management are based on metaphors that persuades people to see, understand, and imagine situations in partial ways. Moreover, Metaphors create ways of seeing and defining organizational life. Any metaphor can be very compelling (Morgan, 1997).The metaphors that are used at the Flight centre are family, village and tribal country. As all the retail shops are considered as families, it shows the equating among shops, which would create less co mparison and competition among families. Moreover, giving uniform service to the customers. As employees are bonded up in small teams like a families, it gives them identity where they belong. It would also create abutting relationships within families and also gives the manager a clear picture of the capabilities of individual staff. Moreover, makes decisions more effective.Creating families, villages and tribes in areas of countries would allow flight centre to adjust their services according to the specific culture of the region rather than generalizing to the whole county or state. For example, in Australia a certain area would dominate Indians, so rather than adjusting their services and marketing strategies to the Australian community they could adjust their services to the Indian market. Conclusion This essay has discussed how flight centre has structured with the four aspects of the organisation structure. At the Flight centre, the operation level involves retail shops.Each shop involves three to seven people working on one brand which is called a family. All shops of flight centre sell similar services. Flight centre has more than 800 shops spatially dispersed. High-rise of overseas shops would increase the number of tribes, villages, families and employees. Programmed coordination is common in the flight centre. A head office team coordinates administrative services and marketing. As the flight centre is geographically dispersed, information technology enables them with quicker and more effective communication and customer support.Social specialization that is required by the IT professionals includes attending to faults 24-hours because flight centre is worldwide organisation where they deal with traveling and ticketing Decentralizing the authority to the travel consultants would reduce the probability of information overload and would facilitates rapid response to all customers. As employees are bonded up in small teams like a families, it gives t hem identity where they belong. It would also create close relationships within families and also gives the manager a clear picture of the capabilities of individual staff.Moreover, makes decisions more effective. Reference Anderson, C. (1988). Management Skills, Functions and Organization Performance. USA, Allyn and Bacon. Argote, L. (1982). ?nput Uncertainty and Organizational Coordination in Hospital Emergency Units,? Administrative Science Quarterly (273). Beshears, F. (2006). Mintzbergs Taxonomy of Organizational Forms, Retrieved kinsfolk 07, 2006, from http//socrates. berkeley. edu/fmb/articles/mintzberg/ Baumard, P. & Starbuck, W. (2006). Where Are Organizational Cultures Going?. Retrieved September 07, 2006, from http//pages. stern. nyu. edu/wstarbuc/where. tm Robbins, S & Barnwell, N. (2002). Organisation Theory. (4th Ed. ). Australia, Pearson HRODC (2006). Organisation structure, Retrieved September 07, 2006, from http//www. hrodc. com/ORGANISATIONAL. DESIGN. htm Luthans, F. (1986). Organizational Behaviour. Singapore McGraw-Hill. University of California. (2005). Public Relations, Advertising & selling Whats the Difference? Retrieved September 07, 2006, from http//career. berkeley. edu/Article/021011a. stm Morgan, G. (1997). Images of Organization, (2nd Ed), Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. addition 1 vertical differentiation of flight centre

Delivering Customer Value Though Marketing Essay

Assignmenti) Describe and meditate the mails merchandise, food market positioning, pricing strategies and its target segment.ii) Critic on the wholey evaluate if the faults marketing activity is delivering determine to its customers. Why?iii) Suggest ways in which the brand great deal improve in its marketing strategies or activities.i) Describe and analyse the brands product, market positioning, pricing strategies and its target segment or so UNIQLOUNIQLO is a Japanese causal wear retail merchant. It is in any case a entire sustained subsidiary of Fast retailing Co. Ltd. The first UNIQLO was opened in Japan in 1984. Across years, successful brand strategies enable UNIQLO to be the fourth air retailer in gross sales volume in 2013, just right after Zara, H&M and Gap.Marketing pleat is a enjoyment of goods and servicesful similarlyl to analyze UNIQLOs strategies and its product phylogenesis caution among competitors.Marketing Mix (4P)OverviewUNIQLOs productUNIQLO provides a bulky straddle of clothing, including Mens, Womens, Childrens, and even in Babys wear. UNIQLO manages this range of productsin assign to foregather the motifs of different age groups and genders. specially children and baby wear, not all its competitors provide these two lines, this evoke satisfy customers need. UNIQLO has their own R&D team, to design the latest groom and modus vivendi wear to customer. Also, its materials sourcing team help to bring the most suitable and sometimes the luxury materials into product culture in order to give the shell wearing association to customers. Such as premium down, cashmere sweaters and premium cotton fiber argon the good examples. UNIQLO gain customers trust in gauge guaranty.UNIQLOs wrongUNIQLOs products atomic number 18 not over tolld comparing to its competitors, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Gap, Zara, etc. Although UNIQLOs clothing requires equivalent wrong with other strong fashion retailers, its qual ity is relatively particular(a)vagantlyer(prenominal) than them. It is collectable to the most fundamental UNIQLOs direction, Low price, high quality.UNIQLOs PlaceUNIQLOs strategies atomic number 18 for both local (Japan) and international. Stores be all over the world, including Japan, America, Euro, China, East and s erupth Asia. This evoke buoy show the decisiveness of UNQLO to expand its argument and anatomy the brand internationally. All the set ups of UNIQLO, are in central athletic field, or popular district in the cities. Take Hong Kong UNIQLO as an example, there are totally 21 UNIQLO stores in Hong Kong. The flagship UNIQLO store is in causeway bay Lee Theater, which is the most popular shopping champaign in Hong Kong. UNIQLO apply the same store dodging internationally, such as Tokyo, Osaka store in Japan, Shanghai store in China, New York fifth ave in USA.another(prenominal) strategy to make UNIQLO a good gear up to shop is their total sale-floor method. UNIQLO tries to enlarge the floor area in each shop and include as legion(predicate) departments and clothing display as they screwing in the store. That preempt provide the convenience to customers to buy their favourite things in single one station. And the big display area can attract customers focalization to their products and give a trust that UNIQLO can provide e trulything that they need.UNIQLOs processionNew product maturement process in many other companies is very unprejudiced. Usually, from idea gene ration, testing, product producing and so on. However in UNIQLO, the first step of product development is customer feedback. That means all products in UNIQLO are responding to customer. This is also the model they are promoting to the potential customer. Cheap, simple design, entirely is perfect fit for passing(a) use with a good quality. This sentence shows that UNIQLO is promoting their escort to commonplace.Another way is UNIQLO promotes their products b y sport sponsorship. Take Japan market as example, football league is extremely hot among Japanese. So, UNIQLO make good use of this opportunities to sponsor the uniform for a football team in J.League to adjoin visibility and exposure. Also, UNIQLO is the uniform sponsor for Japans Olympic sportswoman in 1998, 2002 and 2004. They also sponsor uniform for tennis players in high rank tennis competition. Exposure in different sport events can successfully promote UNIQLO as a very good off-the-peg clothing brand to public.Market positioningThe clothing invention of UNIQLO is very strict forwards, which is Low cost, and high quality. They produce clothing with simple but fashionable design and good quality for wearing in every day. Their tremendous business expansion can prove that they successfully build their fantasy to customer and this represent that their business is on the tract. in that location are four factors that can help to analyze UNIQLOs positioning, they are1. Product quality2. Prices3. Distribution4. jut1. Product qualityUNIQLO is ever proud of their products quality. Their CEO Tadashi Yanai had said that, they are a technology lodge rather than a fashion company.Their high quality clothing enables them to be worn every day. UNIQLO is positioning their product in a relatively higher quality compare to other fast fashion companies, such as Zara , H&M. These company concern fashion trend to a greater extent than quality. However, UNIQLO is not a luxury brand, so their quality is not same to other luxury brand, such as LV, Gucci, etc.2. PricesUNIQLOs concept is Low cost, but High Quality. UNIQLOs price is fair, but they offer a better quality of clothes at the correspondent price compare to other fast fashion companies. UNIQLOs price is not the cheapest one, but quality is the highest among its market competitors.3. DistributionAll the products UNIQLO change are in their own stores. They do not grant franchises or displays in department sto res. So they can control all the promotion or logistics without third parties constrain. It is known as SPA (Specialty-store of Private-label Apparel), selling their own product in their store and exclusively. Take Hong Kong UNIQLO as an example, they have 21 stores in Hong Kong, which has a broader coverage than its main competitors. Zara whole have 7 stores in Hong Kong. However, comparing to the local competitors the like Bossini and Giordino, UNIQLO does not have a greater advantage in store numbers, but their number of stores are already much higher than other international fast fashion brand in Hong Kong market.4. ImageUNIQLO is selling clothes with their functionality rather than fashion style. So, their image to customer is very simple, which is grassroots, simple, cheerful and comfortable. Comparing to Zara, and H&M , UNIQLOs image is linked to quality and simple to flick and gimmick for every day while the former two competitors focus much on trendy and fashion but sometime not on the loose(p) to carry.Position MapIn this part, I am going to just illustrate UNIQLOs position with the position map by considering only two factors, Quality, and Price.LV & Gucci surely come to the top rank in both quality and price because they are luxury brands which have a very different position comparing to UNIQLO.UNIQLO, Zara and H&M can be grouped together due to their fast fashion nature. The price of their products is similar, but UNIQLO provides the highest quality while H&M is the last one.Bossini or other local fashion chains usually dont provide a very high quality, but they have local network and channels to sell their product. They sell their product in a lower price comparing to other international brands in order to sell much than and earn more.Local small bountique is the bottom one, in both quality and price. They target those battalion who concern money only but not quality.Target segment & Pricing StrategiesIn this part, we need to identify UNIQLOs target segment and then to anaylse its price strategies.Target segmentFew background recallUNIQLOs concept is low cost, high quality as mentioned above. Its products are sold at heart a reasonable range. It provides a wide range of products including mens, womens , childrens and babies . Its style is simple but trendy, easy to mix and pinch .Then we can analyse the market segment by parts.Targetinga) Demographics be onBabies Right target of its babies lineChildren Right target of its children lineAdolescent Right target of its Mens and womens lines Adult Right target of its Mens and womens linesMature Non-target , due to less fashion requirement of this group senior Non-target , due to less fashion requirement of this group sexualityBoth female and male are their targetsIncomeThe target customers income is low to medium, due to its cost and its pricing level.b) PsychographicsValueFor plenty who have a staple fiber requirement on trend and pursuing good quality on clothing.LifestyleUNIQLOs clothing is simple and comfortable. It is suitable for people who perpetually have light exercise and sports in their living habits.Pricing strategies later analyzing UNIQLOs target segment, we found that their target people is very large. In order to enlarge the target group, a penetration price strategy is adopted by UNIQLO. Their targets income is not high, they must have a price sensitive characteristic. So, UNIQLO try to continue the products in a low to reasonable price to check off the targets income. In this sense, UNIQLO can make profit only when high volume of sales has been made.ii) Critically evaluate if the brands marketing activity is delivering quantifys to its customers. Why?Customer value is the benefit that people will make out from their purchase of the goods or service. In this case, it means if UNIQLOs marketing direction can generate benefit to customer after they bought the products. Overall, I calculate the existing brand act ivities of UNIQLO can deliver value to theirtarget customers because of the below reasons.1. Technology focusUNIQLO owns many technologies that its competitors do not have, such as Heat-tech, anti-smelling, lighting down, anti-UV, etc. These are the material advantages from competitors, indeed it gives extra value to customer and more attractive to buy UNIQLO but not purchase other brands2. Simple trendy design,There are not many fashion pioneers in the world. Most of the people in the world are relatively simple, specially UNIQLOs target. UNIQLO hires some famous designers to develop a hybrid type of clothing that perfectly merge basic into trendy. It makes their basic wear easily to be carried and extra fashion value added onto it although people originally is seeking for basic style.3. Convenient store location,Take Hong Kong UNIQLO as an example, it owns 21 stores in Hong Kong. All of the stores are in population area, such as Kowloon Tong, Causeway bay, Tsim Sha Tsui, Sha Ti n, etc. Convenient stores location means customers can enjoy service or purchase easier. And after-sell service, such as goods return, can be accessed easily to customers. It is an intangible value.4. Pricing strategiesUNIQLO produces all the products by its manufacturing sites. So it can minimize the cost , and then sell them in a lower price. Its penetration strategy enables more people to access their products. Also, with their progress technology and materials choosing, the ratio of price to quality can be utilised greatly to customers.5. Excellent store visual merchandising,UNIQLO did very well in visual merchandising. First of all, different styles are well organized and distributed in distant area. In some multicolor basic shirts sectors, they make the whole sector to be more cheerful and colorful by crease the shirts subsequently and orderly. It can let customers to findthe color they want more easier and enhance visual conditions. Also, UNIQLO can let your family to buy c lothes for all gender and age groups in only one stop. Every store of UNIQLO sell mens, womens and childrens at the same site. Their paid store visual management can increase buyer experience and enjoyment in shopping.All these marketing activities from UNIQLO can perfectly match the need of their target customers. So, we can say that UNIQLO is generating benefits to customers and even give them benefits out of their expectation.iii) Suggest ways in which the brand can improve in its marketing strategies or activities.In this part, we should identify the relative weak area of UNILQO first, and then target the weakness to formulate improvement way.a) Design too simpleThis is what UNIQLO proud of, but meanwhile it might be its weakness. UNIQLO emphasizes a basic style clothes that can be worn for every day. However, the fashion trend runs too fast recently, customers might be tire of plain pattern of UNIQLO clothes. So, in the future, I think UNILQO can maintain its original design and also add a few more fashionable and trendy lines. A fashionable and high quality cut back should be successful because it merge advantages of H&M and UNIQLO itself.b) Brand ImageUNIQLOs concept is Low price, high quality. Due to this concept, it limits UNIQLO to build a High End image. This low end image make UNIQLO with less pricing flexibility. People will not buy a low end brand with a high price. In yearn term, apart from the original line and image, UNIQLO can expand its brand image towards Middle end or High end by expanding some attractive lines. It will definitely increase products attractiveness.c) reform advertising and brand visibilityUNIQLO is weak in advertising. Comparing to its competitors Zara and H&M,these competitors are willing to spend much more on the public noise. Apart from product quality and store expansion, UNIQLO can expand the brands visibility and awareness with the aid of proper TV advertisement.d) Elderly marketIn the existing target segment of UNIQLO, elderly is not the main focus group. However, we can not underestimate the potential of this market, especially in some countries, such as Japan and Hong Kong, aging population is getting more. UNIQLO can put more resources on elderly by developing some specialist garment for people who need extra care. For example, heat-tech sweater is suitable them because elderly easily lose temperature. Also, UNIQLO can use its technology advantage to make some functional apparel to them like high elastic trousers which can provide protection from joint victimize during walking. These functional products not only can attract elderly, but also can attract all age groups who need functional products. Moreover, they can invite some famous old celebrities to be the brands spoke person to increase the influencing power in this age group. inductionOverall, UNIQLO is a very successful international fast fashion retailer in the world in both sale volume and dream in fashion. UNIQLO successfull y use Simple to compete with others in this fast pacing fashion world. UNIQLOs high price to quality ratio makes them very attractive to its target group, and penetrate brand image to more people. The existing brands activities are useful in expanding business and deliver benefit to customers.However in this challenging market, changes is the ever rules. UNIQLO should focus more the changing of peoples interest and the trend. Simple mix and match can be sword for brand building and harms if people change to pursue more fashionable styles.Reference1. http//www.fastretailing.com/eng/2. http//www.uniqlo.com/hk/3. http//www.zara.com/4. http//www.hm.com/5. http//www.gap.com/6. http//www.brandchannel.com/features_profile.asp?pr_id=324 7. http//www.slideshare.net/8. http//www.wikipedia.org

Case 12-05

MEMO LabCo mustiness determine if their rule of explanation constitution for the tax revenue treatment of its construction pick outs is reasonable, if it is book for LabCo to transport its mode of accountancy for the halibut receive from the percentage-of- period holy order to the completed- engage mode and how the spay should be treated on the understructure of the guidance provided in spite of appearance ASC 250, and how LabCos chronicle constitution and accounting for the Halibut charter may diversity under IFRS if put oned in the coming year.This memorandum lead provide support for how the over any conclusion, based on the issues above, was reached. Facts Accounting constitution for Revenue Treatment LabCo is a large construction issueing firm, and negotiates entirely of its removes with its nodes on any a fixed- expense or cost- asset tooshie. LabCo has developed an accounting policy for revenue recognition related to its customized construction sign ups, as follows The high society performs under a variety of contracts, some of which provide for reimbursement of cost plus fees, and others that are fixed-price-type contracts.Revenues and fees on these contracts are primarily recognized on a contract-by-contract basis using the percentage-of-completion order of accounting, which is most often based on contract cost incurred to date compared with hit estimated be at completion (cost-to-cost method). The completed-contract method of accounting is dod in instances in which reliably effective estimates of the total costs to be incurred under a specific contract can non be do. Change in Method of Accounting for Revenue TreatmentLabCo has entered into a contract with Halibut to build a six-axis laser cutting simple forge. The contract entered into was for a fixed-price and requires detailed and involved action specifications. Even though this was a unique arrangement that required a great deal of customer specificati on, LabCo believed that with its extensive experience performing under similar contracts, including previous contract with Halibut, the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for this contract was beguile.After LabCo began experiencing significant difficulties in the design and compose of the six-axis laser cutting machine, (including design revisions, certain engineering costs needing to be outsourced, and the cost of steel used in the production of the frame of the machine rising unexpectedly) they determined that their estimate of the over all in all cost to complete the contract needed to be revised. LabCo expected that the overall project would incur total costs that would be in excess of the total fixed-fee contract price negotiated with Halibut.As a result, management updated its estimates used in percentage-of-completion accounting to reflect both the cost overruns incurred as soundly as the cost overruns expected to be incurred, and also recorded a provision for t he entire loss on the contract in the period in which it became aware that the contract costs would exceed the total contract value. After six-months, LabCo delivered the six-axis laser cutting machine to Halibut. Yet, when final test were ran using the six-axis, the machine failed to perform up to Halibuts specifications as defined in the contract.LabCo then had to redesign, fix, and remedy the dissimilar issues with the machine. Upon notification of these continued problems, LabCos CAO determined that total estimates of the contract costs to be incurred for the Halibut contract were no longer able to be reliably determined. Therefore, the use of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting was deemed no longer an appropriate method of revenue recognition for this particular contract.As a result, the determination was made that LabCo would switch to a completed-contract method of revenue recognition for the duration of its contract with Halibut. Analysis Percentage-of-Complet ion Method Based upon review of ASC 605-35-25-56, the use of the percentage-of-completion method depends on the ability to make jolly dependable estimates, which, for purposes of this Subtopic, relates to estimates of the end of progress toward completion, contract revenues, and contract costs.Furthermore, according to ASC 605-35-25-57, the percentage-of-completion method is considered preferable as an accounting policy in constituent in which somewhat dependable estimates can be made and in which all the following conditions exist a. Contracts executed by the parties normally include provisions that clearly specify the enforceable rights regarding goods or services to be provided and received by the parties, the consideration to be exchanged, and the carriage and terms of settlement. . The buyer can be expected to satisfy all obligations under the contract. c. The contractor can be expected to perform all contractual obligations. ASC 605-35-25-61 states, an entity using the perc entage-of-completion method as its basic accounting policy shall use the completed-contract method for a single contract or a group of contracts for which reasonably dependable estimates cannot be made or for which intact hazards make estimates doubtful. Completed-Contract MethodBased on review of ASC 605-35-25-90, when lack of dependable estimates or inseparable hazards cause forecasts to be doubtful, the completed-contract method is preferable. inwrought hazards relate to contract conditions or external factors that raise questions about contract estimates and about the ability of either the contractor or the customer to perform all obligations under the contract. Inherent hazards that may cause contract estimates to be doubtful usually protest from inherent personal credit line risks.Business entities engaged in contracting, like all business entities, are exposed to numerous business risks that vary from contract to contract. The reliableness of the estimating process in con tract accounting does not depend on the absence of such risks. Assessing business risks is a function of users of financial statements. tally to ASC 630-35-25-97, Circumstances to be considered in determining when a project is substantially completed include, for example, delivery of the product, acceptance by the customer, expireure from the site, and compliance with proceeding specifications.Changes to and from Percentage-of-Completion and Completed-Contract Methods Based on review of ASC 605-35-25-94, the completed-contract method is preferable in circumstances in which estimates cannot meet the criteria for reasonable dependability discussed in paragraph 605-35-25-57 or in which there are inherent hazards of the nature of those discussed in paragraphs 605-35-25-65 by means of 25-66.An entity using the percentage-of-completion method as its basic accounting policy shall depart from that policy and use the completed-contract method for a single contract or a group of contract s hardly in the circumstances described in paragraph 605-35-25-61. In addition, 605-35-25-95 states, an entity using the completed-contract method as its basic accounting policy shall depart from that policy for a single contract or a group of contracts not having the features described in paragraphs 605-35-25-92 through 25-93 and use the percentage-of-completion method on one of the bases described in paragraphs 605-35-25-60 through 25-61.Accounting Changes and break Corrections According to ASC 980-250-55-3, if a adjust entity changes accounting methods and the change does not run costs that are allowable for rate-making purposes, the regulate entity would apply the change in the same manner as would an unregulated entity. If a regulated entity changes accounting methods and the change affects allowable costs for rate-making purposes, the change generally would be implemented in the way that it is implemented for regulatory purposes.A change in the method of accounting for res earch and development costs, either from a policy of capitalization and amortization to one of charging those costs to expense as incurred or vice versa, is an example of that type of change. Adopting IFRS Based on review of IAS 18 Revenue, the recognition of revenue by reference to the stage of completion of a transaction is often referred to as the percentage-of-completion method.Under this method, revenue is recognized in the accounting periods in which the services are rendered. The recognition of revenue on this basis provides useful information on the extent of service activity and performance during a period. When the outcome of the transaction involving the rendering of services cannot be estimated reliably, revenue shall be recognized only to the extent of the expenses recognized that are recoverable. end point Accounting Policy for Revenue TreatmentBased on the facts presented and the analytic thinking performed, LabCos accounting policy for the revenue treatment of its construction contracts appears reasonable. On the other hand, dapple it makes sense to use the percentage-of-completion method for contracts that can be reasonably estimated, the completed-contract method of accounting appears to be the preferred method, due to the specific criteria that must be met in order to qualify for such reasonableness under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Change in Method of Accounting for Revenue TreatmentBased on the facts provided and the analysis performed, it is appropriate for LabCo to change is method of accounting for the Halibut contract from the percentage-of-completion method to the completed contract method. According to the guidance (stated above), An entity using the percentage-of-completion method as its basic accounting policy shall depart from that policy and use the completed-contract method for a single contract or a group of contracts only in the circumstances described in paragraph 605-35-25-61. The Halibut contract adheres to this policy, and because there were unexpected issues that caused for the contract to no longer be reasonably estimated, they are correct in their reasoning for changing to the completed-contract method. On the basis of the guidance provided within ASC 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (provided above), this change should be treated in one of two ways (1) If a regulated entitys change in accounting methods does not affect rate-making costs, the change would be applied in the same manner as an unregulated entity. 2) If a regulated entitys change in accounting methods does affect rate-making costs, the change would be implemented based on regulatory purposes. Adopting IFRS If LabCo decides to adopt IFRS in the upcoming year, there will be a dismiss change in the Companys accounting policy, as well as their accounting for the Halibut contract. The use of the percentage-of-completion method when contracts can be reasonably estimated will remain consistent with IF RS.However, whenever these costs cannot be reasonably estimated, instead of using the completed-contract method, IFRS states that revenue shall be recognized only to the extent of the expenses recognized that are recoverable. Therefore, the accounting for the Halibut contract will change under IFRS in the same way. In this instance, rather than switching from percentage-of-completion to the completed-contract method, LabCos contract change would consist of altering the percentage-of-completion method in order to adapt to the recognition of revenue as stated by IFRS in the paragraph above.

Examples of How You Would Protect the Rights and Promote the Interests of Disabled People Essay

Respecting and maintaining the dignity and privacy of military service use of goods and servicesrs Promoting equal opportunities for service users and carers poser If encounter a disabled uncomplaining that takes to take a hunch bath you and he/she trampnot plow to give bath to his/herself, for the first judgment of conviction of all you need introduce yourself to them, and formulate why you are departure to give them a bath and function veritable to close the door/curtain for their privacy and always arrange a cover them if you are going to give them a bed bath. congressman in many schools there are disabled mass who are willingly to learn and achieve new goals. And in some cases there are no ramps for the disabled student in school. The college essential have ramps and soaks for the disabled student because some of them are in stand chairs and they cant manage to climb up in the stairs split up 2 examples of how you would strive to establish and maintain the trus t and potency of disabled passel Being honest and trustworthyRespecting confidential training and clearly explaining agency policies about confidentiality to service users and carers pillow slip A longanimous tells you about something that happened to her a long time ago and asks that you never fictionalize it. Being trustworthy, you never repeat or tell anyone about the secrets of former(a)s. Example The doctor is asking her go for if how is the treatment of their diligent in the domain area then the protect remind the doctor that they are in public area then the nurse need to move view where no one can hear what will the nurse is going to say.Give 2 examples of how you would promote the freedom of disabled people trance protecting them as far as possible from danger or handicap Following practice and procedures designed to keep you and other people safe from violent and abusive doings at work Promoting the liberty of service users and assisting them to understand and exercise their rightsExample The patient asked the nurse if she can change the bedding becauseshe is soaking wet. But before changing the bed, the nurse needs to lift the patient and move her into another bed because her patient is unconscious. The nurse needs to call a colleague to help her lift the patient to avoid the wrong technique of manual handling and lifting. Example There is this patient who is in walk therapy and now this patient wants to use the toilet. Then she asked you not to help her tho you go that she cant handle herself. If you can still help the patient and promote her independence by telling that you will be helping her to stand up to bed. And if crutches are visible, the patient can use it for walking without your help but you need to make sure that you are watching your patient.Give examples of how you would watch the rights of disabled people whilst seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not psychic trauma themselves or other people.Following risk a ssessment policies and procedures to assess whether the behaviour of service users presents a risk of harm to themselves or others Taking essential steps to minimise the risks of service users from doing actual or potential harm to themselves or other peopleExample If you are working in kitchen inside the hospital. And you are about to do meals for the patients, you need to follow the procedures on how will you reduce the risk. Washing hands is the main thing you need to do. Usually before touching any utensils you need to make sure that you are clean and tidy. E.g. hair must be tied up, no jewelleries, make sure you have aprons, clean hands and nails. You can similarly wear personal protective equipment (PPE) if at risk of exposure to line and bodily fluids, saliva, mucus, urine, faeces.ExampleGive examples of how you would uphold public trust and arrogance in social care services whilst providing a service a service for disabled people.Form inappropriate personal relationships with service users Abuse, except or harm service users, carers or colleagues Put yourself or other people at unnecessary riskExampleExampleGive examples of how you would be accountable for the quality of your work and take responsibility for maintaining and improve your knowledge and skills about disabled people.Maintaining clear and accu place records as needful by procedures established for your work Working openly and co-operatively with colleagues and treating them with respectExample Two different nurses has been asked to give medication to a disabled child, the first nurse who has duty in the morning has given the right venereal disease but the first nurse forgot to write the time when did he/she gave the medicament so this person write the wrong time of medication. When the second nurse came in this nurse also gave the right dose of a drug but the problem is the nurse didnt know that the record of time isnt righ and situation made to slow down the heart rate of the child. This is an example of inaccurate records. To avoid this kind of situation you need to know the five rights before giving medication.Right PatientRight ditRight DrugRight RouteRight Time

The Butterfly Effect Case Study

The butterfly Effect Case Study How Narrative Is utilize In The Butterfly Effect To Add Enjoyment For The Audience Narratives argon use in The Butterfly Effect to add enjoyment for the audience in a number of different ways. The Butterfly Effect released in 2004 after 7 years being made, produced and recorded. This all began in 1997 and was a time consuming piece to begin with. The writers and directors Eric Bress and J. Mackye Gruber who previously written concluding Destination 2 which took in an average of ? 0,000,000 which shows that these two directors can write good story line making The Butterfly Effect and sure as shooting loved learn. This can be justified by knowing and researching that final examination Destination 2 was nominated for four awards 2 of which were in scoop bug out Story Line in 2003 and 2004. This subscribe has many institutions that produce been used to represent this tear. Using multiple institutions like this is commonly known as a synergy or a conglomerate. This institute behind the moving-picture show be Icon, Warner Brothers, Newline Cinemas and also Film Engine curved shapespink.The producer Chris B conclusioner who was newly producer for film like The Hangover and I Am Number 4 Has made a big impact on the film The Butterfly Effect Also The other producers that have been producing the film alongside Chris Bender be as followed. A. j. Dix, Anthony Rhulen and JC Spink. These 4 producers up-to-date have never worked on the same film before The audience expectations are multiple genres of the film. Firstly a mystical type of film.This is given by the case of the DVD when we see the several(prenominal) layers of pictures that end up to a butterfly hence The Butterfly Effect. These layers are filled with the primary(prenominal) star of the film, Ashton Kutcher and close ups of the human skull. This makes it look like there are problems with the mind and the physiological problems that this film or character is facin g. Also another(prenominal) one is the fact that the people believe they are going to keep up a film for all ages. But the 15 certificate was be for the twisted story line that this film is going on.Also whilst education a review on IMDB. COM I have found out that people bought this film and watched this because they believed that it was going to be a calm film out-of-pocket to the name butterfly, which is one of the only animals that couldnt hurt anything. But the twisted story line kept their eyes glued to the television set and couldnt stop watching. Narratives are used in the film for the first time we have todorovs theory which basically changes something that should be causing and equilibrium.This whole works well in the film because with Evans childhood blackouts stick with him due to his family history, for example his father before him experiencing black =outs and went insane because of it. after this event, 7 years later the blackouts open but this time instead of ig noring them he goes to see his childhood sweetheart Kayleigh Miller who ends up committing suicide as soon as Evan begins changing part of the equilibrium. Changing the blackouts to bring Kayleigh butt to life by stopping her father abusing her and changing the video photographic camera moment to something different.This causes several equilibriums and continues for most of the film. This all ends after killing Kayleigh with detonate as he visits the blackout a second time. This allows him to end the film and also the equilibrium in two possible ways. One is to return as a baby killing himself inside his mothers womb, or secondly going back to a party that he first met Kayleigh and telling her that he never want to see or have anything to do with her ever again.This causes everybodys life to be happier and on the downside he can choose never seeing Kayleigh again or killing himself. Until the present day when finishing college seeing Kayleigh walking along the street and begins t o following. Causing the equilibrium to finish for good. The DVD case shows several layers. As the layer starts as a skull showing problems that hurts everyone in everything that he does. Then ends up as a butterfly with the problems coming to end and never hurting anybody else. Or in fact Kayleigh Antony Scott 12TJI