World War I race Essays - Identity Politics, Black Star Line

World War I race Essays - Identity Politics, Black Star Line World War I race Olamide Yussuf 10/10/2010 History 157 Dr. Kathleen Sander After World War I, America began transitioning into a modern era, which changed America forever. The 1920s saw drastic political and social revolution in the United States. The ending of World War I also began advances in technology that led to economic growth. ?The first Industrial Revolution century had catapulted the United State into the forefront among the world?s richest and most developed nations? (Divine, 720). The United States became the wealthiest nations in the world because the consumer goods industry. During this period, ?American industrial output nearly doubled and the gross national product rose by 40 percent? (Divine p. 720). The United States had the best growth with consumer items such as automobiles, appliances, furniture and clothing. In 1929, ?the national per capita income increased by 30 percent to $681? (Divine p. 720).Electricity was a driving force in the industries. The majority of industrial power was from electricity. The new technology was such a major asset that worker production increased by 75% and was producing double the amount of goods (Divine p. 720). The biggest of consumer goods was the automobile industry. The auto industry was building cars at a very rapid rate, but other industries were building items such as electrical appliances and furniture (Divine p.720). In 1920, ten million cars were in produced and sold. Before the turn of the century, nearly twenty six million cars were sold. ?Production jumped from fewer than two million to more than five million by 1929? (Divine p.720). By the end of the 1920?s, the majority of families enjoyed electricity and ?spent vast sums on washing machines, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators and ranges. With the advanced technology of these items, families were able to enjoy themselves more, because of the extra time they had. In addition, Radio broadcast and motion pictures became successful. The first radio show was in Pittsburgh, which became the driving force for eight hundred independent radio shows to begin (Divine p.721). The motion picture industry expanded as well. By the mid 20?s, many cities had their own movie theaters which entertained thousands of people and families. Marketing also found enormous growth as well. Advertising earning nearly doubled from 1915 to 1926. Numerous stores such as A However even though America was entering a new modern era with temporary economic growth there were things that still did not change. Racial relations between blacks and whites grew more hostile. Despite blacks fighting and dying along side whites in World War I, blacks still did not receive the same rights as whites. (Divine, 712) Racial violence, and riots, was rampant throughout the United States. Race wars were happening throughout the country. In Illinois 9 whites and 40 blacks were killed. In Washington DC a race riot led to 6 deaths. In Chicago, a riot killed 15 whites and 23 blacks. Lynch mobs were murdering more than 40 African Americans a year from 1917 to 1919. Even black war veterans were murdered, some still in uniform. (Divine, 711) Unfortunately, some black soldiers fought for their country, just to be murdered by the people they helped protect. Usually the race riots involved a lynch mob of whites attacking innocent black people. However, the 1919 riots were different in that, they also involved blacks fighting back. The NAACP singled this change by urging blacks not just to demand government protection, but also to retaliate, to defend themselves. Claude McKay, Roscoe Jameson, and other black poets wrote poetry as inspiration for Blacks to fight. One black veteran returning from France said ?I?m glad I went, I done my part and I?m going to fight here till Uncle Sam does his.? (Divine 712) Blacks were not going to be terrorized by whites anymore without defending themselves and fighting back. Fueled by postwar fears and promotional techniques, memberships of the white supremacy group, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) grow exponentially. (Divine, 735) Chapters were formed in villages, towns, and small cities across the nation. Ku Klux Klan members even infiltrated the government by gaining control of legislatures in several states. The

Context Clues and Literacy ESL Reading Lesson

Context Clues and Literacy ESL Reading Lesson One of the main challenges of any English reading skills class is that students tend to look up, or even insist on looking up, each word they do not understand. While this desire to understand everything is certainly laudable, it can be damaging in the long run. This is because students will begin to tire of reading if they are constantly interrupting the process to find another word in the dictionary. Of course, the use of e-readers might make this a little less bothersome. However, students need to realize that reading in English should be like reading in their own language. The use of contextual clues can be one of the best ways to improve students reading skills. Realizing that a text can be understood in a general sense by using contextual clues can go a long way towards helping students cope with increasingly difficult texts. At the same time, the use of contextual clues can also provide a means by which students can rapidly increase their existing vocabulary base. This lesson provides a number of pointers helping students identify and use context to their advantage. A worksheet is also included which helps students recognize and develop the skill of contextual understanding. Context Clues Reading Lesson Aim: Increased awareness and usage of contextual reading clues Activity: Awareness raising concerning the use of contextual clues, followed by worksheet practicing contextual reading Level: Intermediate - upper intermediate Outline Write this example sentence on the board: Tom decided that he desperately needed the glockum if he were to solve the problemAsk students what they do if they are reading an English text and do not understand a specific word.Ask students what they do if they are reading a text in their native language and do not understand a specific word.Ask students what glockum means.Once students have established that they dont know what a glockum is, ask them to guess at what it might be.Ask students what part of speech a glockum is (i.e. verb, noun, preposition etc.)Have students explain how they arrived at their guesses, which clues did they use?Explain the concept of reading in chunks i.e. looking at the text surrounding the unknown word for clues.Show them an article from an advanced level magazine (Wired, National Geographic, The Economist etc.)Ask students to identify the probable vocabulary areas that may be used in the example article.Explain the importance of activating vocabulary by fir st quickly glancing at the text to be read. This idea is very important as the brain will begin to focus on related concepts thus preparing the student for what is to be read. Point out that by using all of these clues (i.e. chunking, part of speech, logical deduction, vocabulary activation), students can arrive at a much fuller understanding of difficult texts - even if they do not understand each wordHave students divide into small groups and complete worksheet. Reading Clues Deduction - What does the sentence concern? Which words does the unknown word seem to relate to?   Part of Speech - Which part of speech is the unknown word? Is it a verb, noun, preposition, adjective, time expression or something else? Chunking - What do the words around the unknown word(s) mean? How could the unknown word(s) relate to those words? - This is basically deduction on a more local level. Vocabulary Activation - When quickly skimming through the text, what does the text seem to concern? Does the layout (design) of the text give any clues? Does the publication or type of book give any clues to what the text might be about? Which words can you think of that belong to this vocabulary category? Make logical guesses about the meaning of the unknown words in the following paragraph. Jack quickly entered the didot and cleaned the various misturaes he had been using to repair the wuipit. He had often thought that this job was extremely yullning. However, he had to admit that this time things seemed to be a bit easier. When he finished, he put on his redick and went back to the study to relax. He took out his favourite pipe and settled into the beautiful new pogtry. What a fantastic schnappy he had made when he had bought the pogtry. Only 300 yagmas! What could a didot be? What part of speech is misturaes? If Jack used the misturaes to repair the wuipit what do you think the mistraes must be? What could yulling mean? - What part of speech is often used with an ending -ing ? Which synonym could be used for yulling ? fundifficultexpensive What type of things do you put on? Based on the above question, what kind of thing must a redick be? Is a pogtry used inside or outside? Which words let you know that the pogtry was cheap? What must yagmas be? ClothesCigarette typeType of money

Age regression - use of dermabrasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Age regression - use of dermabrasion - Essay Example The goal of dermabrasion is to reduce surface imperfections caused by such problems as acne scars and lessening surface markings due to aging. Ms. Jones sole purpose in having this procedure performed is entirely to fight of the aging effects that are occurring on her skin.The stratum basal layer is considered the "germative layer" (Wang, C.R., 2005), "since all of the mitotic (cell-multiplying) activity of the epidermis occurs in the basal layer" (Wang, C.R., 2005) The surgeon would only remove the "damaged outer layers of skin, or the epidermis layer of the two mutually dependent layers". (Revis, Don, 2005)"The intradermal epithelial structures, such as sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles, are lined with epithelial cells with the potential for division and differentiation". (Revis, Don, 2005) can also regenerate skin in a limited fashion.A minimal amount of bleeding occurs only due to the dermoepidermal junction being breached and the plane of dermabrading reaches th e papillary dermis, a uniform bleeding from punctate sites over a smooth, shiny surface occurs". (Revis, Don, 2005) If the planning does, in fact, reach deeper "papillary dermis, bleeding becomes more voluminous and the surface has a rougher appearance. Although each site bleeds only minimally, the multitude of bleeding sites can result in considerable blood loss." (Revis, Don, 2005) Therefore, the importance and degree of dermabrasion can be a hazard, but, is not something that one can succumb to.

The current climate of financial constraints will have a dramatic Essay

The current climate of financial constraints will have a dramatic impact on investigating crime Examine this assertion - Essay Example The recession has affected every segment of society especially the working class. When people are without work for a prolonged period of time, even honest citizens sometimes turn to crime to pay their bills mostly in urban areas. In such situations, the resources of the crime prevention agencies are usually focused on serious or violent crimes, and they usually ignore lesser offences such as burglaries due the scarcity of manpower and other resources such as cars for patrolling, or even clerical personnel for filing in report or preparing the paperwork to present the cases for court proceedings. In the absence of police personnel on the streets, minor arguments may escalate to shootouts or stabbings because the presence of police usually acts as a deterrent and prevents the situation from escalating. Other crimes such as auto thefts, shoplifting, provoked and aggravated assault, property crime, gang wars, murders, domestic battery, aggravated burglary, fraud, rape and kidnapping all are on the increase due to the cutbacks in police budgets. Besides having an adequate number of personnel, other things that are essential for effective policing are vehicles, monitoring and tracking equipment (Moro, 2012). Computer systems for maintaining records and other paperwork. Funds are also needed to hire additional civilian personnel on a temporary basis or to pay off informants who are an essential part of any police network. The police department needs forensics laboratories, equipment and chemicals and qualified staff to man these laboratories. Then too offenders who are apprehended need facilities such as beds in the lock ups and prisons, before they are released on bail, or if they are not released on bail they do require other facilities such as food, medicine and police personnel for keeping a watch over these prisoners so that they do not riot and kill each

My one Point Presentation Essay Example for Free

My one Point Presentation Essay What are the three strongest reasons to support your point of view? 1. Media Habits – Aggressive Attitudes and Behaviors 2. Impact on media violence on kids and young adults on the rise 3. Children and adults alike have become additive I. Introduction Video games have been in existed since the 1970’s, but it was not until the 1990’s that violent games came of age. Due to the numerous school shootings since the 1990’s, it attracted the attention of nation. Over the years, violent video games used both by children and adults have increased. II. Body: 1. Media Habits Aggressive Attitudes and Behaviors Expert finding a. Youth violence resulting in deaths and injuries has direct and indirect costs in excess of $158 billion each year. b. Video game habits are significantly related to children’s hostile attribution scores, the frequency with which they get into arguments with teachers (by self-report), their grades, and their levels of hostility. 2. Impact on media violence on kids and young adults on the rise? Statistics a. 90% of U.S. youth aged eight to 18 play video games, with boys averaging about 19 hours a week and girls 5 hours a week. b. 70% of fourth to 12th graders report playing â€Å"Mature†-rated games (suitable for those 17 and older), which contain the most graphic violence of all. c. Children College students who had played the violent childrens game displayed a 40% higher aggression rate than those who had played a nonviolent game. 3. Children and adults alike have become addictive. Testimony a. 10 percent to 15 percent of gamers meet the World Health Organization’s criteria for addiction. b. 88% of young people in the U.S. play video games, indicating that up to three million could be showing signs of addiction c. Nationwide survey ages 8 to 18; found that 1 in 12 teens show signs of behavioral addiction to video games. III. Conclusion After 50 years of studying video games and trying to figure out what the cause that violent video games have on kids and young adult. We are still no closer to knowing the exact answer. With games today being more realistic and bloodier than ever; yet it is not at all clear whether, over longer periods, such a habit increases the likelihood that a person will commit a violent crime, like murder, rape, or assault, much less a Newtown or Columbine massacres. It is our responsibility to know our limits with  anything in life, bottom line we will be held accountable for our actions.

Pre-Revolution :: History

Pre-Revolution George Washington was promoted to lieutenant colonel by Governer Dinwiddie in 1754 with orders to attack the French fort Fort Duquesne. Washington was inexperienced in battle and inevitably blew his assignment. While marching towards Fort Duquesne, Washington and his men came upon a French reconnaissance party. Washington attacked with victory and fled the area to prepare for the French retaliation. Washington ordered his men to construct a fort as a meager means of defense from attack. This fort would be called Fort Necessity. Fort Necessity was poorly constructed and located in a terrible position. The surrounding forest made it possible for the French and Indian attackers to approach the fort without being seen. Washington and his men were forced to surrender. The French captured Washington and his men and forced Washington to sign an admission of attack. In this admission, which was written in French, Washington unknowingly admitted to assassinating the leader of the reconnaissance party. Although Washington could not read French, he signed the documents. All educated and sophisticated men could read French, and for Washington to admit to not being able to read French would be degrading to himself. The French let Washington and his men march out after the admission was signed. Washington returned to Virginia a hero and, while undeclared, the colonies knew that war had begun. This war would become known as the French and Indian War. In 1755 Britain sent General Edward Braddock to defend the colonies and capture Fort Duquesne. Braddock appointed Washington as second in command of his British troops. With over 1400 troops, Braddock marched against Fort Duquesne, only to be ambushed by a party of French and Indian soldiers totaling a mere fraction of his troops. Braddock was killed in combat along with 900 of his troops, leaving Washington in charge and responsible for marching the men back to Virginia. The British followed this defeat by more and more. Although the British outnumbered the French and Indians, they were poorly organized and failed to use the resources that surrounded them. Indians would attack the British troops while they were marching, by hiding in trees and attacking from all sides. In 1756, the conflict spread to Europe. Britain still was incapable of winning battles even home their home front. It wasn’t until 1758 when King George II appointed William Pitt as Prime Minister did the war efforts take a turn for the better.

Unit 20: Promoting Health Education- P1

Unit 20: Promoting Health Education- P1 In this unit I am going to explain three different approaches to promoting Health Education the three approaches I am going to explain are Mass Media, Community development and Two way Communication. The first approach to promoting Heath Education is Mass Media. -Mass media-any written, printed, visual, electronic, auto-visual media developed to reach mass audience and the public. -Audience segmentation-division of a population into a more homogenous groups based on similarities in attitudes, beliefs and knowledge. This allows greater impact of the message. It is used mainly in promoting Health Education to raise public awareness about a particular problem or issue, Stress the ill-effects of unhealthy behavior and the benefits of preventive behavior. Mass Media can be found anywhere and everywhere. Just a few of the many different types of Media are, Television, Radio, billboards, Posters. There have been many different effective National health campaigns such as: Physical activity, diet, smoking, heart disease, sexually transmitted infections and mental health. There are many different ways of approaching promoting health education such as, planned campaigns and advertising. This has the advantage of targeting a wide target audience and may be tailored to meet specific objectives. Unpaid publicity, this may be low cost campaigns that may seem to provide greater credibility to the target audience. Mass media can use many different approaches to promoting health education. Some of the ways you could promote health education is fear, some campaigns use fear to get the message across and for it to have effect such as, smoking and the effects such as cancer. An Example of a mass media campaign used to promote health education is the NHS Anti-smoking campaign that featured a number of media approaches such as very graphic posters and television advertisements such as The ‘I’d do anything’ advertisement. These types of advertisements are designed to motivate smokers to quit and by featuring the children of smokers singing â€Å"I’d do anything† from the musical Oliver with the endline: â€Å"Your kids would do anything for you. Why don’t you stop smoking for them? I think that this type of approach would have a very positive outcome with a number of people giving up smoking, The outcomes from this NHS campaign would be measured by Engagement and response, Daily/weekly call figures, Number of NHS Quit Kits ordered and Web stats – unique visits, time spent on site, number of page views Another mass media approach would involve health educators working to encourage healthy lifestyles and wellbe ing by educating individuals and communities. They create awareness on subjects that can prevent diseases, injuries, and other health problems. Health educators attempt to prevent illnesses by informing individuals and communities about health-related topics, such as proper nutrition, the importance of exercise, how to avoid sexually transmitted diseases, and the habits and behaviours necessary to avoid illness. The advantages of using mass media to promote health education are that you can raise important issues and create awareness about them. Mass media is also a good way to get people thinking about and discussing the issues, it is also a good way of reaching a large audience and a scatter gun approach can be used. On the other hand there are a few disadvantages of using mass media to promote heath education, such as cost effectiveness. Mass media can be very cost effective and have high costs such as advertising. A Scatter gun approach and it may not be as effective as a direct approach. Sometimes you cannot tell who the message is coming from and it is only one way communication. You also can’t see the outcomes or tell if it has been effective for a very long time. Overall I believe that the use of mass media in health promotion is widely used. It can be used locally, regionally and internationally. But the outcomes of some mass media campaigns are yet to be realized and to be proven as successful or unsuccessful. Mass media is one of the main approaches used in health promotion and its lack of success may be due to its oversimplification or segmented view of health and well-being. The second approach to promoting Heath Education is Community development. -The process whereby people who are marginalized or living in poverty work together to identify their needs, create change, exert more influence in the decisions which affect their lives and work to improve the quality of their lives, the communities in which they live, and the society of which they are part. Community development involves changing the relationships between ordinary people and people in positions of power, so that everyone can take part in the issues that affect their lives. It starts from the principle that within any community there is a wealth of knowledge and experience which, if used in creative ways, can be channeled into collective action to achieve the communities' desired goals. Community development is used to promote health education because the problems can be directly targeted and hit. Community development is used to target issues such as environment issues, housing, crime, pollution, support and isolation. By improving these issues you can improve the health issues that have become a consequence, Such as smoking, alcohol, drugs, stress, exercise and crime. See diagram below: A further approach to community development could involve a multiagency approach. The multiagency approach could involve the Government, local authorities, health trusts, the police, schools and other agencies all co-operating to achieve one outcome within a community. You can promote heath education by targeting an individual group such as children, young people, families and the elderly. It would involve the entire agency’s working together effectively, putting children, young people and their families at the centre of decision making in order to meet their needs and improve their lives. An example of using community development to promote health education could involve starting a group meeting in a local community centre and doing sport activities. Or the local council providing free health facilities for the community such as Hall Classes that could vary from aerobic sessions or keep fit sessions that could involve using the wide range of equipment available at all the sports centers throughout the borough. The session aims could be to develop fitness, weight control, balance, and coordination, fun and group interaction. There are many advantages of using community development to promote health education such as working to improve people’s living environment. Providing a joint effort that brings the community together. It can also improve self esteem and make people have a â€Å"can do† attitude and empowers the community. It is also effective because it can be done on an effective small scale. I. e. 1-1 or 1-10 and you can be given the feedback automatically. Another benefit may be that it is not cost effective because you could use resources from the mass media such as: leaflets, posters or videos. On the other hand the disadvantages of using community development to promote health education are having to have a number of people that are committed for it to have an effect, and some people within the community may have a negative attitude and feel as if change is not possible. Others may depend on other people to fix the issues and you may not be able to evaluate the outcomes to see the effectiveness. Another problem may be that the message may not reach everybody within the community or people may hold back on their feelings or opinions. Overall I believe that Community development is an effective way of promoting health education because it can be used within a community to target a specific area or health problem that may need attention, such as poor housing. I believe that by addressing the main problems you can also target the health problems that have become a result of this. The final approach to promoting health education is two-way communication. -Two-way communication uses communication to negotiate with publics, resolve conflict, and promote mutual understanding. Two way communication is used to in promoting health education mainly to discuss health issues that may affect certain individuals. Two way communication involves one person having a thought then sending that message to the person who is concerned. The receiver then processes the message and gives the feedback. This cycle continues until a positive outcome has been achieved. Two way communication works by only addressing it to a certain individual whom it may concern such as a doctor to a patient. Its effectiveness depends on the way it is addressed to the receiver because people with different ages may need to be spoken to differently such as a young child would be spoken to in a different tone of voice or manner compared to an adult. Two way communication is used to promote health and social care in many different ways. It involves basic talking and listening, this can be a very effective simple way of making a positive change. Body language can also contribute to the outcomes of health promotion because if the health promoter shows open, positive body language and shows interest in the feedback they are receiving. This will show a positive attitude and may have a positive effect because the person who it concerns will feel supported. Two way communication could also be used in the form of leaflets, letters or posters detailing some basic information about the health promotion. Two way communication can also be used to promote health education presented as E-communication by using Email, Facebook and Video. An example of using two way communication to promote health education could involve Voluntary Organizations promoting a health message within a school such as an anti-drugs campaign. The Public Health Agency run an anti drugs campaign called ‘Your body, your life, your choice' this campaign was acknowledged that young people had to make up their own minds about drug use. The campaign works to provide young people with accurate information on the dangers of drugs, and to influence the attitudes of young people so that they are prepared and taught not to experiment with drugs. The target audiences for this campaign are 10-13 year olds and 14-17 year olds and parents. There are many advantages of using two way communication to promote health education. An advantage of using two way communication is that it can be used on a very cheap, small scale basis such as a 1-1 or a 1-10, you can also be given direct feedback. Sensitive issues can also be discussed between two people. I also think that it is an advantage that the target audience can be chosen to meet the specific health promotion needs, such as aiming an anti-cannabis campaign at 16-19 year olds. On the other hand I think that the disadvantages would be that it may not have the same effectiveness as the mass media approach because it is only being used on a small scale. I also feel that it is very limited at what health promotions can be used for what audience. Another disadvantage is that I feel that it would be hard to stress the delayed gratifications to the audience and I think that people would rather choose the instant gratifications. Overall I think that using two way communication to promote health education is a good idea because it can be used on a small scale and private, sensitive issues can be discussed. I also think that it is a good effective way of promoting health education because the issues can be targeted and hit where it will make the biggest impact such as in schools. On the other hand I think that this way of promoting health education may not be as effective as the mass media approach because the mass media approach can reach a wider audience. Health Promoters Health promoters work to promote a positive attitude about keeping healthy, living a healthy lifestyle, preventing illness, and preventing any existing illness from becoming worse. Health promotion covers many different health issues such as diet, obesity, smoking, exercise, alcohol, preventing heart disease, cervical screening, breast screening, sun and health ect. Health promoters can be found both local and nationally an example of a local health promotion is Refresh Free leisure, Anyone who lives, works, is in full time education or whose GP practice is in Blackburn with Darwen qualifies for free leisure. This campaign depends on the use of mass media, two way communication and community development. An example of a national health campaign is the NHS Anti smoking campaign, this is a national campaign because it was used across the country and across Ireland and Scotland. This campaign mostly depended on the use of mass media but also used two way communication and community development to create a more effective outcome. An example of a international Health promoter is, The World Health Organization (WHO) this health promoter is the coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, and monitoring and assessing health trends.

European colonization study Guide Essay

The Monroe doctrine was essentially intended to prevent the Western Hemisphere off-limits to European colonization. European powers would attempt to restore Spain’s former colonies, attempts would be viewed as a hostile act against the U. S Second Continental Congress intercolonial assembly that met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775; all thirteen colonies were represented; still wanted to just get British acts repealed and wrote new appeals to British people and king, but raised money to create an army and navy Articles of Confederation Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, the Articles established the United States of America. The Articles granted limited powers to the central government, reserving most powers for the states. The result was a poorly defined national state that couldn’t govern the country’s finances or maintain stability. The Constitution replaced them in 1789 Battles of Lexington and Concord The battles of Lexington and Concord initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense in 1776; helped American public recognize the need to separate from the crown Lexington and Concord the first battle of the Revolutionary War in April 1775; twenty thousand musket-bearing â€Å"Minute Men† swarmed around Boston, thehre to coop up the outnumbered British Yorktown where Cornwallis was forced to surrender his entire force of seven thousand men on October 19, 1781 to Washington and de Grasse Saratoga where Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire command on Octor 17, 1777 to American general Horatio Gates Treaty of Paris- 1783 treaty in which British formally recognized the independence of the United States; granted generous boundaries (Mississippi River to Great Lakes to Spanish Florida plus a share in the priceless fisheries on Newfoundland); Americans could no longer persecute Loyalists and had to restore their property to them; states vowed to put no lawful obstacles in the way of debt-collecting from British George Washington selected by the Second Continental Congress to head the improvised colonial army in Boston; had very little experience, but was of good character and was a Virginian (eased southern colonists minds about creating a big New England army); led the battle at Trenton Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 based on Richard Henry Lee’s resolution; formally approved by Congress on July 4, 1776 Alexander Hamilton Hamilton emerged as a major political figure during the debate over the Constitution, as the outspoken leader of the Federalists and one of the authors of the Federalist Papers. Later, as secretary of treasury under Washington, Alexander Hamilton spearheaded the government’s Federalist initiatives, most notably through the creation of the Bank of the United States. Alien and Sedition Acts A series of laws that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies (1798) Dorothea Dix Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients – created first wave of US mental asylums Federalists Led by Alexander Hamilton, the Federalists believed in a strong central government, loose interpretation, and encouraged commerce and manufacturing. They were staunch supporters of the Constitution during ratification and were a political force during the early years of the United States. The Federalist influence declined after the election of Republican Thomas Jefferson to the presidency and disappeared completely after the Hartford Convention. Indian removal act This act granted the president funds and authority to remove Native Americans (1830) The XYZ Affair Three French agents asked for over ten million dollars in tribute before they would begin diplomatic talks with America. When Americans heard the news, they were outraged. Adams decided to strengthen the Navy to show France that America was a force to be reckoned with Treaty of Ghent: Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and maintained prewar conditions Treaty of Guadalupe -HidalgoEnded Mexican War – US received Texas (with Rio Grande border) and other states – US paid Mexico $15 million dollars Treaty of Paris (1763):The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years War in Europe and the parallel French and Indian War in North America. Under the treaty, Britain won all of Canada and almost all of the modern United States east of the Mississippi. Virginia Plan The Virginia Plan was presented to the Constitutional Convention and proposed the creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses proportional to population. The Virginia Plan favored the large states, which would have a much greater voice. In opposition, the small states proposed the New Jersey Plan. In the end, the two sides found common ground through the Connecticut Compromise. William Lloyd Garrison White Abolitionist – Early 1800s – ublished The Liberator The Jay Treaty Treaty in which Britain agreed to evacuate its posts on the US western frontier (1794) The Pinckney Treaty Treaty with Spain which opened trade and redefined Florida boundary (1795) Tariff of Abominations 1828 â⠂¬â€œ Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state’s rights. Missouri Compromise Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36? 0†² within the Louisiana Territory (1820) Henry Clay’s American System Plan for economic growth: establish a protective tariff, establish a national bank, and improve the country’s transporation system Embargo Act In response to impressment, this bill halted all foreign trade with disastrous economic consequences (1807) Articles of Confederation Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, the Articles established the United States of America. The Articles granted limited powers to the central government, reserving most powers for the states. The resu lt was a poorly defined national state that couldn’t govern the country’s finances or maintain stability. The Constitution replaced them in 1789 Whigs The Whigs were originally colonists supporting independence. In the mid 1830s, the Whig Party opposed Jackson’s strong-armed leadership style and policies. The Whigs promoted protective tariffs, federal funding for internal improvements, and other measures that strengthened the central government. Reaching its height of popularity in the 1830s, the Whigs disappeared from the national political scene by the 1850s. The Whiskey Rebellion group of farmers refused to pay federal excise tax on whiskey, Washington responds decisively with troops (1794) John Locke believed all people have a right to life, liberty, and property; stated the government is â€Å"created by the people for the people† Sons of Liberty A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere. Crispus Attucks One of the first men to die in the Boston Massacre. 1770 Battle of Bunker Hill May 1775 Tiny American force under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold surprised and captured the British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point in Upper New York. Gunpowder and artillary for the siege at Boston was obtained. June 1775 Colonists siezed Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill). Americans numbering 1500 soldiers slaughtered the advancing redcoats. Colonists were short on gunpowder and were foced to abandon the hill. Daniel Shays led a rebellion because farmers were unable to pay in Continental Dollars and banks were foreclosing farms in Massachusetts. checks and balances created because of the bicameral legislature. A system that ensured that no particular branch of government gained too much power over another. It demonstrated the fear of absolute power in one group/individual as well as preventing one branch from overpowering the others. Constitutional Convention convenes to revise Articles of Confederation, suggested that a new Constitution be written. Land Ordinance of 1785 land in the northwest would be surveyed and then sold to help pay debt. Great Compromise aka the Connecticut Plan, combined the Large State Plan and the Small State Plan†¦ created the bicameral legislature (House of Representatives and Senate). Shay’s Rebellion 1786-1787 farmers couldn’t pay their debts with Continental Dollars, banks were foreclosing farms in Massachusetts, rebellion led by Daniel Shays†¦ articles need to be revised. Bank of the United States 1791, gives sense of unity, debt shouldered by federal government, place to keep money. 3/5 Compromise It was a compromise between the northern states with the southern ones that decided that although slaves were not citizens, each one would count as 3/5 of a man for representation. It got Southern states to ratify the constitution. Federalist Papers The papers were a collection of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison explaining how the new government/constitution would work. Their purpose was to convince the New York state legislature to ratify the constitution, which it did. Judiciary Act of 1789 established a Supreme Court and district courts (1789) Publius Elderly senator who witnesses the assassination; Brutus sends him out to tell the citizens that no one else will be harmed Bill Of Rights Although the Anti-Federalists failed to block the ratification of the Constitution, they did ensure that the Bill of Rights would be created to protect individuals from government interference and possible tyranny. The Bill of Rights, drafted by a group led by James Madison, consisted of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guaranteed the civil rights of American citizens. Marbury v. Madison(1803) Marbury was a midnight appointee of the Adams administration and sued Madison for commission. Chief Justice Marshall said the law that gave the courts the power to rule over this issue was unconstitutional. established judicial review Thomas Jefferson A prominent statesman, Thomas Jefferson became George Washington’s first secretary of state. Along with James Madison, Jefferson took up the cause of strict constructionists and the Republican Party, advocating limited federal government. As the nation’s third president from 1801 to 1809, Jefferson organized the national government by Thomas Jefferson Republican ideals, doubled the size of the nation, and struggled to maintain American neutrality War of 1812 Resulted from Britain’s support of Indian hostilities along the frontier, interference with American trade, and impressments of American sailors into the British army (1812 – 1815) The Louisiana Purchase U. S. acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803 for $15 million. The purchase secured American control of the Mississippi river and doubled the size of the nation. The Lewis and Clark Expidition Overland expedition to the Pacific coast lead by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. Commissioned by President Jefferson, the expedition of the far west brought back a wealth of scientific data about the country and its resources. 804-1806 War Hawks Congressional leaders who in 1811/1812 called for war against Britain to respect Americ a’s maritime rights. Samuel Slater Father of the Factory System in America. Skelled British mechanic of 21 who was attracted by bounties being offered to British workers familiar with the textile machines. Industrial Revolution The period where western expansion and urbanization happened in America distinguished by factories, new inventors improved transportation, communication and production. â€Å"Lowell System† Developed in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 1820s, in these factories as much machinery as possible was used, so that few skilled workers were needed in the process, nd the workers were almost all single young farm women, who worked for a few years and then returned home to be housewives. DeWitt Clinton Governor whose grand project was the Erie Canal which linked the Great Lakes to the Hudson River. John Quincy Adams Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams’ work. Abolitionism The militant effort to do away with slavery. It had its roots in the North in the 1700s. It became a major issue in the 1830s and dominated politics after 1840. Congress became a battleground between pro and anti-slavery forces from the 1830s to the Civil War. John C. Calhoun Part of the â€Å"immortal trio†; â€Å"Great Nullifer, proposed to leave slavery alone, return runaway slaves, give the south its right as a minority view that presidents elected, one from south and one from north. † Frederick Douglas Self-educated slave who escaped in 1838, Douglas became the best-known abolitionist speaker. He edited an anti-slavery weekly, the North Star. Grimke Sisters Angelina and Sarah Grimke wrote and lectured vigorously on reform causes such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and the abolitionist movement. Horace Mann Brilliant and idealistic graduate of Brown University. Secretary of Massachusettes Board of Education, campaigned effectively for more and better school houses, longer school terms, higher pay for teachers, and an expanded curriculum. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Mother of seven who had insisted on leaving â€Å"obey† out of her marriage ceremony, shocked fellow feminists by going so far as to advocate suffrage for women. Women’s Rights Convention Convention for women advocates at Seneca Falls to rewrite the Declaration of Independence to include women. â€Å"All men and women are created equal† -Declaration of Sentiments Declaration of Sentiments Revision of the Declaration of Independence to include women and men (equal). It was the grand basis of attaining civil, social, political, and religious rights for women. Susan B. Anthony Militant lecturer for women’s rights who fearlessly exposed herself to rotten garbage and vulgar epithets. Transcendentalism Belief in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions. Ralph Waldo Emerson Leading transcendentalist, emphasizing freedom and self-reliance, spoke and wrote many works on the behalf of the abolitionists. Henry David Thoreau Transcendentalist and friend of Emerson who lived alone on Walden Pond with only $8 a year from 1845-1847 and wrote about it in Walden. On Civil Disobedience, he inspired social and political reformers because he had refused to pay a poll tax in protest of slavery and the Mexican-American War, and spent a night in jail. Extreme individualist and advised people to protest by not obeying laws (passive resistance). Margaret Fuller Social reformer, leader in women’s movement and a transcendentalist. Edited â€Å"The Dial† which was the publication of the transcendentalists. It appealed to people who wanted â€Å"perfect freedom† â€Å"progress in philosophy and theology and hope that the future will not always be as the past†. Alamo- Spanish mission converted into a fort, it was besieged by Mexican troops in 1836. The Texas garrison held out for thirteen days, but in the final battle, all of the Texans were killed by the larger Mexican force. San Jacinto- surprise attack by Texas forces on Santa Ana’s camp on April 21, 1836. Santa Ana’s men were surprised and overrun in twenty minutes. Santa Ana was taken prisoner and signed an armistice securing Texas independence. Mexico 1500 dead 1000 captured Texans 4 dead.

Langston essays

Langston essays Langston Hughes electrifies readers and launched a renaissance in black writing in America. The poems Hughes wrote celebrated the experience of black men and women, the poor, and the lovesick. Helping the African-American male gain praise in the poetic and musical world Hughes conveyed an experience that turned poetic lines into the phrases of lyrical blues. Leading the new century with greatness it can clearly be said that Langston Hughes was one of the great connoisseurs of American verse. To first understand Langston Hughes blues you must first know what blues is and what the common meter is for blues. Blues is basically a line pertaining to a time or event followed by another line that has something to do with the first line. A repetition of the first two lines is then done to create emphasis. A last line or two that has a rhyme scheme that is similar to the first four lines within the stanza. The meter usually contained within blues lyrics is iambic trochee. Iambic trochee is marked by an unstressed point followed by a stressed point proceeded by two unstressed points and ensuing that would be another stressed point. In the poem Hard Daddy it is clearly seen how Hughes used iambic trochee to perform his blues. I went to ma daddy, Says Daddy I have got the blues. If noticed in the first two lines of Hard Daddy the word went is a stress point while I is the unstressed point. To ma are two other unstressed points while Daddy is a stressed point. The first stanza is a common iambic trochee. After knowing what blues is and how it is to be read the poems by Hughes can be broken down. In poem one, Hard Daddy, it is quite literal. The tone is sad, the speaker is upset about her man. The speakers father is not the loving kind. He turns his shoulder on the occasion of his daughter needing help. Angered, the...

10 Most Exciting Outdoor Blogs

10 Most Exciting Outdoor Blogs Are you in love with wide open spaces? Are you always in for a bit of adventure? If you answered yes to either of these questions, these ten excellent outdoor blogs may be for you. The Big Outside This website/blog, curated by a long-time outdoor enthusiast Michael Lanza, is a wealth of information, not just about wilderness adventures, but about wilderness adventures with children. Michael is a family man and has a unique perspective on adventuring with humans whose age hasn’t cracked the single digits yet. This website has plenty of the standard outdoor fare gear reviews, trips and adventures, advice – but it’s the family adventures section that really sets it apart. thebigoutside.com US Outdoor Blog The USOutdoor.com blog is a unique collection of tips articles by the staff of the U.S. Outdoor Store in Portland, Oregon. But rather than being just a place where everything is lumped together, the USOutdoor.com blog is broken into categories to make it easy to find what you’re looking for. Interested in camping? Click on the â€Å"We Camp† link. Does climbing get your engine going? Check out the â€Å"We Climb† section. Need advice on clothing? â€Å"We Wear† is where you want to be. Hiking? Riding (as in snowboarding)? Skiing? Surfing? Yep, there’s a link for that. blog.usoutdoor.com Outdoor Alliance Though the suffix on this website (.org) might give you some idea as to its purpose, its mission statement says it all: â€Å"†¦to protect, enhance, and promote the human-powered outdoor recreation experience by uniting the voice of outdoor enthusiasts to conserve America’s public lands.† OutdoorAllicance.org brings together the likes of American Whitewater, American Canoe Association, Access Fund, International Mountain Bicycling Association, Winter Wildlands Alliance, and the Mountaineers with the goal of protecting public lands. The blog also provides the outlook for various outdoor adventures. outdooralliance.org Love the Outdoors A back-to-basics website (format, not living off the land) with a wealth of information for all your outdoor adventure needs. Though its not full of pictures and vivid Internet bells and whistles, it offers plenty of advice on everything from beginning mountain biking to avoiding wildlife habitat when finding a campsite and freshwater fishing. lovetheoutdoors.com The Planet D ThePlanetD.com is another unique perspective on the outdoor/adventure lifestyle. Long-married couple Dave and Deb left their jobs in the Toronto Film Industry to start a life of adventure and travel. Experience round-the-world adventures through their eyes. theplanetd.com Mr And Mrs Adventure Newly-married couple Drew and Brittany left behind their California lives to travel far and wide, experience adventure, and live in a van (not down by the river). MrAndMrsAdventure.com is another unique perspective amidst the mass of outdoor websites. What are the challenges of being married and constantly on the road? This site is filled with great advice on living the nomadic life and finding adventure wherever you are. mrandmrsadventure.com The Campsite Blog A foray into the spiritual as well as the outdoors. TheCampsiteBlog.com is all about creative ideas that spur adventure, travel experiences, and subjects of conversation and debate. To quote the blog itself: â€Å"The Campsite is all about sharing and learning from one another just as we would sitting around that cozy campfire.† But TheCampsiteBlog.com is about more than just finding yourself outdoors (and yes, there is a double meaning in â€Å"finding yourself†), its â€Å"In The Backpack† section provides a wide range of articles that will help you in your journey into yourself and into the wilderness. thecampsiteblog.com Dirtbag Darling A great resource for the outdoor adventure lifestyle from former surf-magazine editor Johnie Gall. The site is organized by activity (water, land, snow) and places (east coast, west coast, mid-west, south international) and includes how-to guides, gear reviews, a journal, and a section entitled, â€Å"Defenders of Fun†. An interesting site with advice and musings from a girl who’s not afraid to live in a van. dirtbagdarling.com Adventure Filled An adventure-filled blog from adventure enthusiast Laurie Tewksbury. AdventureFilled.com has the usual gear reviews and how-tos for the outdoor adventurer but it also has some unique perspectives about life and love (of the outdoors). Check out â€Å"52 in 52† about Laurie’s goal of achieving 52 hikes in 52 weeks or â€Å"How to Keep Adventuring When Life Gets in the Way†. adventurefilled.com Just a Colorado Gal A blog about life and living outdoors (not literally but as much as possible). Blog writer Heather chronicles her adventures around the world, touches on the standard topics of gear and various forms of outdoor activities, and throws in some perspectives on health, fitness, and the state of being away from civilization. justacoloradogal.com So whether you’re new to the lifestyle or a long time adventure-seeker, you’d be hard pressed to go wrong with any of these excellent outdoor blogs.

The new education style Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The new education style - Scholarship Essay Example b. The relationship between reflection and critical thinking is important. In fact critical thinking cannot take place without reflection. One must understand self and that around self in order to apply knowledge to critical thinking. a. Previewing is an important exercise in learning. Instructors know that getting the student to read their textbook and preview essential materials will prepare them to be able to critically think and discuss during classroom, allowing for a better learning atmosphere. When you preview, you give your mind a general framework of main ideas and structure, you will be better able to comprehend when doing a thorough job of reading. d. Reflection is how we retain the information that we have learned. By asking the student to do a reflective journal or write a reflective paper at the end of the course, helps them to be able to think about how the information that they have learned should be or could be used. This allows the student a better chance of retention of the information that has been learned. Patricia Bizzell (2005), believes that first year students are entering, in a sense, a different world. There are many things that are different but suddenly the learning needs of this individual change rapidly. The student must learn, "the stances of fairness, objectivity, and formal courtesy that smooth the surface of academic disputation."(Bizzell, 2005). It is not known when they arrive, how they think, write, or what their ability with words is. It is not known whether they can articulate in such a way as needed to write an essay for example. This paper will review that thought According to Patricia Bizzell, Mina Shaughnessy once said, "The rituals and ways of winning arguments in academia are sometimes difficult to learn" yet we have always expected that students must win their arguments in order to learn. Ms Bizzell believes that this clash in discourse, coupled with the clash that new students have with the forms necessary for their education process and the methods that they use when they arrive cause many of first year issues. Clashing in ways of thinking becomes very important for the student must be able to critically think in order to work through many of the course needs in a University. Critical thinking is founded on reflection and most of these students, at least traditional students, have not had to critically think problems before. This immediately becomes a problem for them as they must move quicker through the curriculum than they are used to. In conclusion, first year students are stressed for many reasons but some of those reasons are the changes in culture that cause a clash with previous experience. Helping the student learn to handle those issues will make a much more successful student. Section D: Reading Comprehension and Critique Question 8 b. The author of this work believes that education in the past has been a situation of benign neglect and that philosophy is changing. The government has stepped up to influence that change. The author indicates to us that in the past adult education in the UK has been developed and taught as a literacy