Antigone :: essays research papers

Lifes many ups and downs leads to many optionsThere be many decisions you give need to gear up in life. Decisions such as deciding whether or not to make a sacrifice for someone. Every day there are many sacrifices being made. In fact life requires sacrifices to be made. Sacrifices such as dying for someone or choosing something instead of another. People also make sacrifices for what they believe in such as their beliefs or religion. Many people choose to make sacrifices for the people they love and care for such as family and friends. In Antigone by Sophocles, Antigone chose to sacrifice her life so her brothers soul would be safely put to rest.Antigone was a very loving and caring sister to her brother, Polynices. She had lots of respect for her brother. She refused to let her brothers soul wander around aimlessly therefore, she wanted to bury him. However, it was against her uncles orders to bury Polynices but she refused to listen. Since she had so much respect for her brot her, she didnt care what her uncles orders were. Therefore, she was going to do anything she could to bury him, even if it meant that she had to sacrifice her life. She knew it was the right thing to do. As she says here, I hunch forward my duty, where true duty lies, (1.1.78).Ismene was the other sister of Antigone and Polynices. She however, did not think that her family was important to her. Antigone told Ismene, is he not my brother, and yours, whether you like it or not?, I shall never depart from him, never, (1.1.39) but still Ismene didnt want to help. Well, maybe she did but she refused to help Antigone bury their brother because she didnt want to sacrifice her life. She didnt like the thinker of going against her uncles orders like as she says here you cannot mean....to bury him? Against the order, (1.1.38). That showed that she didnt have enough courage to go against the orders. However, towards the ending of the story she wanted to be a part of the burial but she wasn t so she didnt get any credit for it. Antigone however, did bury Polynices all by herself and then subsequently committed suicide.Many choose to make sacrifices for their loved ones. Now of course family should be the most important, except for God.

A Comparison of Thomas Grays Elegy (Eulogy) Written in a Country Churc

A Comparison of Thomas Grays elegy (Eulogy) Written in a Country Churchyard and Bryants Thanatopsis Thomas Gray and William Cullen Bryant both chose to write about nature and death being intertwined. Since Thomas Gray lived in a judg workforcet of conviction of social injustice, he chose to use death to illustrate the problems inherent in a socially stratified society. William Cullen Bryant, on the other hand, lived in a quick expanding young nation that cherished the vast amounts of untouched nature and he used death to illustrate how man fits into the universal truth of the earth. However, both men believed that death rendered all men equal in that all went to their final resting place in Mother Natures bosom. While Grays elegy Written in a Country Churchyard comes across as a social commentary on the English peasants and Bryants Thanatopsis serves as a catalog of American Romantic beliefs, both believe that one essential listen to nature, that death makes all men equal, an d that man returns to nature by and by death. To compare how the poems minor themes are similar, one must starting time understand their major themes differences. Elegy differs so greatly from Thanatopsis because they came from vastly different times and countries. Gray wrote Elegy in eighteenth century England after the death of one of his friends. Influenced by the English Romantics like Gray, Bryant, who spent much of his time out in the wild, wrote Thanatopsis in praise of natures splendor. Elegy appears at first to be solely about death but emerges as a social commentary on the plight of the poor. Gray first explains how the commoners delight in the simple life of working in the fields and enjoying their families while Chill Penury held them back from gr... ... Brady, Frank. Structure and Meaning in Grays Elegy Thomas Grays Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. unseasoned York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 7-17. Carper, Thomas. Grays Personal Elegy Thomas Grays Ele gy Written in a Country Churchyard. smart York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 39-50. Lonsdale, Roger. Poetry of Thomas Gray Versions of the Self Thomas Grays Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 19-38. McLean, Albert. William Cullen Bryant. New York Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1964. 65-81. Smith, Eric. Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Thomas Grays Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 51-67. Peckham, Harry Houston. Gotham Yankee. New York Russell and Russell, 1971. 31-35.

Recovering Paul Ricoeurs Intervention in the Gadamer-Habermas Debate :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Recovering Paul Ricoeurs Intervention in the Gadamer-Habermas DebateABSTRACT In this paper I will examine a contemporary response to an beta debate in the science of hermeneutics, along with some cross-cultural implications. I discuss Paul Ricoeurs intervention in the debate between Gadamer and Habermas concerning the proper task of hermeneutics as a mode of philosophical interrogation in the lately 20th century. The confrontation between Gadamer and Habermas turns on the assessment of tradition and the place of language within it the hermeneutical stance takes a positive stance, while ideologiekritik views tradition with a hooded-brow of suspicion, tantamount to seeing tradition as merely the systematically distorted expression of communication under unacknowledged conditions of violence. In his own rescue operation, Ricoeur combines the reanimation of handed-down sources of communicative action with the re-awakening of political responsibility towards a creative renewal of cultu ral heritage. His fusion or consensus adverts to specific symbols of Western eschatology, viz., liberation, salvation, and hope. What will result if we juxtaposed Buddhist, Daoist and Hindu symbols of Non-being, Nature as transcendence and Intelligence, respectively? PreambleIn this paper I wish to examine a contemporary response to an important debate in the science of hermeneutics the art of rightly understanding the speech, chiefly in written form, of another (Schleiermacher, 1977). The 20th century has witnessed, what elsewhere has been termed, a silent radicalisation of the understanding of texts in asmuch as hermeneutics the programmatic of interpretation and all that it had hitherto supposed about the nature and relation of text and its meaning is itself problematised. The site of the contestation has been language, mum in the broadest possible sense of the medium that functions to convey meaning, textual and otherwise. A variety of responses maturing into formidable in tellectual movements have emerged, and continue to be articulated, especially in philosophy, literary studies and the social sciences. As is well-known, this virtual explosion of theories of textual meaning and vastly differing models of linguistic understanding, or of the semiological processes, during the intellectual ferment known as Modernism, has had grand impact in as areas as far afield as architecture, the arts, postmodernism, feminist studies, psychoanalysis, cross-cultural and post-colonial discourses, indigenist jurisprudence and even on geography and ecology or the geo-sciences. I will here confine my inquiry to a significant thinker rather than cover any particular movement or movements. I have chosen to discuss Paul Ricoeurs intervention in the debate between Hans-Georg Gadamer and Jungen Habermas concerning the proper task or calling as it were of hermeneutics as a mode of philosophical interrogation in the late 20th century.

Analysis of Lust, by Susan Minot Essay -- Lust Essays

They turn casually to look at you, distr proceedinged, and get a mild distracted surprise, youre gone. Their blank look tells you that the girl they were buttocks is not there anymore. You seem to have disappeared.(pg.263) In Minots story Lust you are play by play given the sequential events of a 15 year old girls sex life. As portrayed by her thoughts after sex in this passage the girl is overly casual about the act of sex and years ahead of her time in her awareness of her actions. Minots unique way of revealing to the reader the wild excursions done by this young blowsy adolescent proves that she devalues the sacred act of sex. Furthermore, the manner in which the author illustrates to the reader these acts symbolizes the likeness of a list. Whether its a list of things to do on the weekend or perhaps items of groceries which need to be picked up, her lust for each one of the boys in the story is about as well thought out and meaningful as each item which has carelessly an d spontaneously been thrown on to a sheet of paper as is done in making a list. This symbolistic report style is used to show how meaningless these relationships were but the deeper meaning of why she acted the way she did is revealed throughout the story. Minot cleverly displayed these catalysts in between the listings of her relationships. One of the main factors of this was the fell of her parents. It was not stated directly but the fact that her parents did not know what was g...

Enron and its Shortcomings Essay -- essays research papers

Enrons over every last(predicate) business practices are not respectable. One business practice of Enron that I think poses an ethical issue is their attitude towards its employees. They create a highly competitive and a result oriented business atmosphere. They used a system where they would rank employees all half a year and fire employees who ranked on the bottom 1/5 of the scores. This kind of attitude where only results matter and if you dont produce anything good you will arrive fired will only hurt the company. This promotes unethical behavior and getting what needs to be done to get good results no matter what and if you do well you will receive big bonuses. This approach towards Enrons employees did not return very good utilitarian reasoning. This doesnt help employees morale and psychological satisfaction. The cost of this kind of approach was very low because in fact you will weed out the slackers further the results Enron had where employees afraid to question uneth ical situations in Enron in fear of their jobs.Another section of Enrons business practice that is definitely not ethical is their method of accounting methods. In a technical aspect their accounting methods were fine, but this was only because of a loophole. Andrew S. Fastow was described as a financial whiz kid because of these loopholes that he knew how to take advantage of. Some of these things that he, and Enron, were able to take advantage of were the setups of special purpose entities. They would setup these special purpose entities and have any their friends or employees to grace in these special purpose entities so that Enron my say that their debts and liabilities are actually under the special purpose entities and not of Enron. This made it look like Enron didnt have as much debt as it should have had. A second practice in the accounting methods that were not ethical was their manipulation of their revenue. What they did was to make either their earnings more or inflat ing their stock. They would make sure that any potential deals that could make money in the future they wrote down in the books in the present, which is not a good accounting practice. Also they used sham swaps with other companies that would buy products and services with each other to make it look like they where devising sales and money, when in fact that all they did was trade some assets and wrote a sale.... ...d of the day. Enrons legal responsibility was low while their economic responsibility was relatively high. They wanted to make money but they where doing it the illegal way, and because of this their social responsibility was just terrible. In the end of the company no matter what was done all the illegal actions were catching up to them and this showed to the world how irresponsible Enron was. They were not socially responsible to any of their stakeholder. The stocks fell and their company went into bankruptcy, many people disconnected money. Employees lost their jo bs and life earnings, and because Enron was a huge company the end of Enron had a ripple affect. All other companies that worked with Enron lost business and they might have had to cut spine on costs. Customers lost because they didnt have the services of Enron, a company that deals with electricity, water, broadband, pulp, paper, and lumber. Creditors had to write off loads of bad debt because Enron would not be able to yield it back. Companies should take a look at Enrons approach to business and learn that you need to responsibly balance all three responsibilities of business to have a successful business in todays world.

Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations Essay -- Evolution, Social C

Postmodern is a complicated bound, and so are postmodernity, postmodernism and postmodernist, and every other term one might come across in the way of evolution. According to Andreas Saugstad (2001) different postmodern theorists may contribute contrasting opinions and thinkers from different areas may have contrasting definitions of the term postmodern. Thus, the postmodern debates influenced the cultural and intellectual scene in many areas throughout the world. These terms have been used in literature, loving studies, philosophy, arts and architecture. On the same hand on cultural level, discussions emerged whether modernism was dead or not and what kind of postmodernism was inheriting it. In the philosophical sphere, check to Steven Best and Douglas Kellner(1991), the erupted discussions were also concentrating on whether or not the traditions of modern philosophy had ended, and many theorists began praising a new postmodern philosophy related with Derrida, Jean- Francios Lyotard, Nietzsche, Baudrillard and more. Furthermore, the postmodern debates produced innovative, social and political theories, as well as theoretical struggles to define the multilayered postmodern phenomenon. On the other hand, according to The American Heritage Dictionary (1991) the postmodern can be described as relating to art, literature and architecture, that reacts against earlier modernist principles, as by reintroducing traditional, classical or modernist elements of style to the extremes. According to Steven Connor(1989) the postmodern terminology was first of all used by a number of writers in the 1950s and 1960s, however the concept cant be said to have taken modulate until the 1980s. As Hans Bertens(1995) poin... ...ations. 1st ed. Macmillan education ltd. London.Connor, S, 1989. Postmodern Culture An introduction to theories of the contemporary. 2nd ed. Oxford London University.The Free Dictionary. 2013. Postmodern. online purchasable a t http//www.thefreedictionary.com/postmodern Accessed on 05 November 2013Andreas Saugstad, 2001. Postmodernism What is it and What is wrong with it? online procurable at http//www.slideshare.net/sgummer/what-are-the-characteristics-of-postmodernism-and-its-faults Accessed on 10 November 2013Glossary Terms. 2003. Encyclopedia of Marxism. online Available at http//www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/g/r.htm Accessed on 10 November 2013Vineet Prakash, 2007. Essay on Postmodernism. online Available at http//www.preservearticles.com/201106127844/1125-words-free-sample-essay-on-post-modernism.html Accessed on 08 November 2013

Baroque Art Essay

Its hard to make a distinction in which the number 1 of the Baroque period is clearly distinguished from that of the late Renaissance. Nonetheless, Baroque art is emotional, decorative and a direct result of the Counter-Reformation movement in Europe. During the Baroque period, thither was a dramatic religious split in the Church with the formation of Protestantism. Catholics reacted with the Counter-Reformation to revitalize Catholicism. They needed to attract medical prognosisers with religious art that more significantly impacted onlookers.Protestant areas (in the North) responded with a lack of religious art, concentrating, for example, on genre paintings that taught their viewers moral lessons. Compositions tended to have more open space. The Baroque demeanor originated in Italy and spread north, profoundly affecting the rest of Europe as it spread. In his survey of art history text, Gardners Art Through the Ages A world(a) History, Fred S. Kleiner asserts that the term Baro que is problematic because the era encompasses a broad range of genres and courses.At the same time, it is effective in describing the art of the 17th century, a style marked by dynamism and movement, drama and greatness. Since the masses could not read, there could be no better way to feed them religion-Catholicisms particular view of it-than through grand pictures depicting Biblical lessons and the dominance of Catholicism, figured the Church. One of the most interesting examples of art as propaganda for the Catholic Church is Caravaggios regeneration of Saint Paul, painted ca. 1603. In 1600, Caravaggio was commissioned to paint two pictures. One is Crucifixion of Saint Peter, a dramatic and unconventional work.The other is Pauls Conversion, which hangs across the chapel from Saint Peter in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. Also known as Conversion on the Way to capital of Syria or The Road to Damascus, this depiction of Pauls conversion is known as the most intrigui ng of the two paintings. In this grand picture Caravaggio portrays the arcsecond described in the Bible, in the Book of Acts, when Paul (then Saul) falls to the ground in an epiphany from the Lord. The egocentric, Christian-hating Saul is on his way to Damascus, on a mission to witch-hunt Christians there.In Acts chapter 22, verses 6-7, Saul describes the moment About noon as I came near Damascus, suddenly a bright light from heaven flashed around me. I furious to the ground and heard a voice say to me, Saul Saul Why do you persecute me? This information is important to consider when studying Caravaggios representation of the event. Caravaggio, who, in his personal life, was known to have an erratic disposition and not long after painting this scene, he fled Rome after kill a man (Encyclopedia Britannica) clearly was a revolutionary in his art.In this scenes it perhaps showed the mystery in the man that represents Caravaggios sarcasm, his sarcastic version of Jesus, who, after all, is the one who knocked Saul senseless. If so, what is it that Caravaggio is secretly saying about Jesus? We will never know, but the possibility is at least entertaining. synopsis While Baroque art arose out of an effort to manipulate the masses through propaganda tactics, it changed and evolved as it spread throughout Europe. Today, the style can be appreciated for its many accomplishments, everything from its realistic renderings to its grand drama and its larger-than-life grandeur.Baroque art has an intensity and immediacy not seen prior. The exquisite attention to detail and the realism of the style are part of what defines this age. Many masters emerged from this era, masters whose styles are widely varied and whose intentions were just as varied, and much can be learned from them and the legacies they go forth behind in their art, music, literature and architecture. Combined, these characteristics make the Baroque style one of the most compelling periods in the history of Western art.

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Essay

After reading the play, I think that there are m each feelings evoked towards Linda. on that point is disgrace and intellect and some resentment at her denying Willy the chance to work in Alaska. She is a hard-working wife and loving mother. One could blame her for Willys suicide hardly this would be harsh, as she feels that she must go a commodious with what Willy believes and not interfere.To begin with, there is her relationship with her sons. She loves them very much, and wants the best for them. When they come home she is obviously highly pleased.She says It was so nice to see them shaving together, one behind the other, in the bathroom.We can see that she is a caring and devoted mother when she defends thrusting whilst Willy criticises himWilly undecomposed now its more than ten years now and he has yet to make thirty-five dollars a weekLinda Hes finding himself, Willy.Willy not finding yourself at the age of thirty-four is a disgraceLinda ShhWilly The trouble is hes laz y, goddammitLinda Willy, pleaseHer sons disappoint her, especially when they desert Willy at pawls Chop House where they were meant to be having dinner with him. She is angry with them, and sh prohibiteds at themYou invite him to dinner. He looks forward to it all day and then you desert him there. at that places no stranger youd do that toGet out of here, both of you, and acceptt come bunsYoure a parallel of animals Not one, not another living soul would have the cruelty to walk out on that man in a restaurant.Despite this, jabbing and Happy love her very much and respect her. Biff refers to her as his pal and is upset to see her hairsbreadth turning greyBiff Your hair got so grey.Linda Oh, its been grey since you were in high school. I just stopped dyeing it, thats all.Biff Dye it again, will ya? I dont want my pal looking old.Happy also respects her and when he describes the kind of girl he would like to meet, he saysSomebody with character, with impedance Like Mom, yknow ?He also says this of her What a woman They broke the mould when they made her. You know that Biff?Biff is also rude(a) to the way Willy treats her, and stands up for her when Willy keeps silencing herStop making excuses for him He always, always wiped the floor with you. Never had an ounce of respect for you.Linda Oliver always thought the highest of himWilly Will you let me twaddle?Biff Dont yell at her, Pop, will ya?Willy I was talking, wasnt I?Biff I dont like you emit at her all the time, and Im tellin you, thats all.Willy Whatre you, takin over this house?Linda WillyWilly Dont take his side all the time, goddammitBiff Stop yelling at herLinda is also suffering from the financial state of the family, and is upset at her sons lack of support.Christmas-time, fifty dollars To fix the hot water it bell ninety-seven fifty For five weeks hes been on straight commission, like a beginner an unknownShe has succeeded in making her sons feel discredited of themselves, which shows tha t she is a good mother who can still make her sons feel that they have let her down. I believe that this is a good quality. Biff says this round himselfThe scum of the earth, and youre looking at himI also admire her confidence when she admits to the boys some of her fearsa terrible thing is happening to him. Hes not to be aloud to fall into his grave like an old dog. Attention, attention must be finally paid to such a person.Linda, as we can see from the play loves Willy very much. She shares in his dreams, and is even too ashamed to remove a piece of rubber piping that he is utilise to commit suicide with. Despite this, she is thrilled when she sees it gone, though she later discovers that it was Biff who removed it. She is also too ashamed to admit to knowing that Willy is borrowing silver from Charley, pretending that its his pay.Willy, darling, youre the handsomest man in the worldTo me you are. The handsomest.because I love him. Hes the dearest man in the world to me, and I wont have anyone making him feel unwanted and low and blue. Youve got to make up your mind now, darling, theres no leeway any more. Either hes your father and you pay him that respect, or else youre not to come here. I know hes not hands-down to get along with nobody knows that better than me butShe shows here her love for Willy, and her faithfulness, even though we know that Willy has been disloyal to her. She tells her children her fears, and that she believes that only they can help him.Biff, I swear to God Biff, his life is in your handsWhen he has to go to Charley and borrow fifty dollars a week and pretend thats his pay? How long can that go on? How long?She loves her husband so much, that she is too afraid to even talk active his contemplation of committing suicide.Im Im ashamed to. How can I mention it to him? Every day I go down and take away that little rubber pipe. only when when he comes home, I put it back where it was. How can I insult him in that way?Therefore we feel remorse for Linda, and much sympathy, as she doesnt know what to do. We also feel sympathy for her, as we, as an audience, know that Willy is having an affair while he is away at Boston. It is the ultimate punishment for such a loyal and hard-working wife. Even as she mends her stockings, Willy feels guilt for what he has done, and saysI wont have you mending stockings in this house Now throwx them outWill you stop mending stockings? At least while Im in the house. It gets me nervous. I cant tell you. Please.Biff or so lets on twice to Linda about The Woman in Boston. He saysBecause hes a fake, and he doesnt like anybody around who knowsLinda It seems theres a womanBiff sharply What woman?Linda simultaneously and this womanLinda What?Biff Nothing. Go ahead.Linda What did you say?Linda does once deny Willy the chance to make a success of his career, when she refuses to let Willy go to Alaska to manage some timberland that Ben ownsWilly No wait Linda, hes got a proposition f or me in Alaska.Linda But youve got to Ben Hes got a beautiful job here.Willy But in Alaska, kid, I could -Linda Youre doing well, enough, WillyBen Enough for what, my dear?Linda Dont say those things to him Enough to be happy business here, right now. Why must everybody conquer the world? Youre well liked, and the boys love you, and someday to Ben why, old man Wagner told him just the other day that if he keeps it up hell be a member of the firm, didnt he, Willy?It would be unfair to judge Lindas actions here, as it was early in their marriage, and she probably believed everything Willy told her about his achievements.We also feel pity for Linda when Willy keeps silencing her. He does this very often, but we cant tell why.Willy - dont you pick it up. They have office boys for that.Linda Ill make a big breakfastWilly Will you let me finish? to Biff Tell him you were in the business in the West. Not farm work.Biff all right, Dad.Linda I think everythingWilly going right through h er speech And dont undersell yourself. No less than fifteen thousand dollars.Willy also gets annoyed with Linda when she buys him a refreshing American type of cheese, one that he hasnt triedI dont want a change I want Swiss cheese. Why am I always being contradicted?Linda is also correct in her vision of the upbringing of their children, though Willys bad influences shadow it, and so the children never take any notice of her. We see her in Act one attempting to persuade Willy that it would be right for Biff to take the stolen football backAnd hed better give back that football, Willy, its not nice.According to Linda, Biff is too rough with the girls though Willy puts this down to the fact that hes got spirit, personalityDespite the many hardships Linda has to face, we can see that she has a strong personality herself, and therefore we feel a lot of pity and sympathy for her at her husbands funeralI cant understand it. At this time especially. First time in thirty-five years we wer e just about free and clear. He only needed a little salary. He was even finished with the dentist.Ultimately, the feelings evoked towards Linda in this play are sympathy, pity, and concern. There is also admiration felt for the woman who shared her husbands dreams, and took in all the criticism that was hurled her way in a calm and just about melancholy manner.

Police Operations Essay

There are m any(prenominal) types of Police trading operations. Policing in general has a full range of different kinds of strategies and areas. To begin with one of the most important, in my opinion in practice of right operations is the hazards of policing. The main principle that contributes to policing in general is the danger that comes with this sort of job. As law officers they are putting their lives at risk each and every single day. They are never certain of what pass on happen. The minute they start their duty they gouge encounter all sorts of problems with all sorts of pot. They deal with some of the most violent people and not to mention risky people as well. There have been numerous occasions in when officers have lost their lives after responding to a nuisance call. It happens very often, these officers are never guaranteed that they will be safe when the respond to a crime call. The dangerous of policing can start as simply as pulling someone over for fo ot race a stop sign or simply for a light they have off, or a suspended license registration. Over all, the earth for an one-on-one getting pulled over in unbearable.Bottom line is that if an individual gets pulled over for any of the above mentioned reasons does not mean that the person is not capable of having a criminal bandagingground, a warrant, or violent past. When officers pullover an individual they really have no clue what kind of person they are about to encounter. As officers it is very important that they are cautious and alert at all times. There have been stories when officers respond to calls and the individual retaliates on the officer, this issue has cost officers conduct in the past. It is a very unfortunate situation but that is the job as a practice of law officer. The dangers that cause over half of all police deaths are traffic incidents. In 2009, 56 officers died in the line of duty by traffic incidents. agree to data from the National Law Enforcement O fficersMemorial computer memory reported traffic remains the largest cause of death for 12 years running. In 2009, 47 officers died by intentional gunfire up 24% from the forward year and gunfire claimed the lives of 38 officers.These are the two major cause of death in policing and an increasing c formerlyrn for different tactics which require such(prenominal) effective means, such as luggage com typement armor for example. (Keating, M.2012). Police operations are extremely demanding activities that challenge policemen by strict load, exerting memory, and fast apt thinking. Such activities should never be underestimated as human life is in jeopardy every time police operations take place. Police operations task demands are to great extent dependable on task complexity due to the fact that the performance becomes better when the task is less mingled and may get worse during difficult tasks Although the latter challenges human factor in terms of intellectual intensity, time p ressure, and enormous responsibility, it does develop profound skipper skills if only thorough training aimed at self-discipline and self-organization is carried out.Dangers of policingEach day an officer awakes to go to work his or her life is in danger. The dangers can range from getting into a car wreck on the way to work, while responding to a call, poor nutrition, assaulted on the scene of a call, and from handling of halt suspects. Driving is part on an officers daily duty however, that does not make him or her immune to a car crash. Physical upon is one of the greatest dangers to any and all police officers. An officer could be assaulted or attacked by an armed criminal at any time or place. A lack of adequate back up is another prime example of a dangerous situation for a police officer. Although a police officer should not pursue any situation in which he or she is widely outnumbered, and without back up, this is always a possibility. (Copblock.org 2010). Police officers never acknowledge when a person will attack, so transporting a person to a jail or prison can be a very dangerous position to be in. Not only do police officers have to pay attention to what they are doing but also must be assured of the other hundreds of vehicles to who they are sharing the roadway.When an officer gets into a police chase, the likelihood of a wreck increases significantly. Therefore, an officer must have a valid reason to initiate a car chase.Another danger to an officer is the issue of his or her health. Police officers normally work rotating arouses and eat large amounts of fast food. The rotating shift alone can make someones health fail, let alone adding the fast food to it. Shift work can have dread(prenominal) effects on ones circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms, also known as the bodys internal clock, are a 24-hour cycle. The initiation of the sun and nightfall affects the rhythms (Copblock.org 2010). When the rhythm is interrupted by rotating shifts, this can cause sleep disorders and very unhealthy eating patterns. Another danger would be that some(prenominal) police workers and officers experience various tasks, interpersonal and physical demands during police operations that the majority of ordinary people never come across at their work or in their families. These requirements and stressors negatively influence a physical and psychological condition that may lead to more than serious physical or intellectual damage or interruption. Role and physical demands for policemen can develop a condition of constant overload called hyper stress.Typically, the number of queries concerns and emergency calls exceeds the time assigned to a particular police worker. Therefore, not only is the quality of the time given to each separate case and thats why each case at risk, the mental and physical condition of the police worker is in constant jeopardy. Regarding investigators, they experience heavy caseloads for which they are expected to follow prescribed case direction criteria. Also, they find themselves within very limited time framework set by prosecutors who may keep them under the pressure to finish the process as fast as they possibly can, so that the case can reach the trial. Insomnia or permanent tiredness is often caused by hyper stress, as well as weight loss /gain and different degrees of impairment of mental processes.On the contrary, hypo stress may emerge from input under loads for police workers who work a 3rd shift and accept few or calls during night hours. One of the most influential task demands is resistance to stress and faculty to cope with sudden interruptions. Experts say that highly indicated factors may have negative effect on police operations outcome as they develop more frequent forgetting on the planned action. Also the activity of working memory is very vulnerable to all external factors accepted by the human body through and through sight, hearing, smell, etc. Less than Lethal wea ponsLess-Lethal weapons defined as weapons or any devices that are intended to be less likely to kill a living target than are traditional weapons. Such weapons are also termed as non-lethal weapons, less-than-lethal weapons, non-deadly weapons, compliance weapons, or pain-inducing weapons. Non-lethal weapons may be used in helping where conventional weapons are restricted or lethal force is prohibited or undesirable. (USLegal.com 2012). They are also used in combat situations to limit the escalation of conflict. According to California standards, these weapon includes the frame or receiver of any weapon described as but does not include any of the following unless the part or weapon has been converted as described in subdivision as any device that is designed to or that has been converted to expel or propel less lethal ammunition by any action, mechanism, or process for the purpose of incapacitating, immobilizing, or stunning a human being through the infliction of any less than l ethal impairment of physical condition, function, or senses, including physical pain or discomfort. For example, non-lethal weapons may be a destructive devise, fool gas, a bow or cross bow, or something as simple as a slingshot. Technology used in policingThe rate of technological variety show in recent years is so fast that one could reasonably suggest that the top 10 jobs 10 years from now, those jobs might not eventide exist today. (Schultz, P. D. 2008). Technology is changing the way police departments operate, how criminals are processed, how crimes are investigated, and how trials follow through. Technologies funded today were not even common knowledge just a few years ago. Some applied science that police use to assist them with crime investigations start with the very car or vehicle they drive. From crime lights to in-car camera systems, to having an on-board computer right at the disposal of the officer has changed the way the police follow through with crimes.When a crime has been process the evidence goes to the forensic labs where technology of today and the rising shows its face. The technology that the labs use today and possible will enhance as the years go by are anything from Photo enhancement systems, graffiti cameras, thermal imaging, and the ability to search for individuals using finger prints and DNA samples. On the other hand, the use of thermal imagers can assist police officers with drug and marijuana arrests. Sometimes even the use of a K9 unit is sometimes used toassist in drug arrests. The next other forms of technology that are used to process and assist police officers is the CIRS Criminal Investigations Records Systems) which are used to search, match and identify any suspect that the police seem fit. Radios are to the highest degree always used with any officer both on the streets and in the car.The radio allows the officer to stay in contact with other officers, call for back up, signal for help, and request a transfe r of a suspect. Some other technology that are sometimes used are lasers, mainly used for terroristic threats and attacks, oral communication translators, that are used for the many citizens who speak other languages, Cameras for K9 Units, an automatic license plate recognition, and finally a global positioning devise.( Schultz, P. D. 2008) Issues of motherland Security and law enforcement relationshipsMany people in all levels of the government are now taking a hard look at how best to protect their communities from terrorism and crime. (Cooke, L. G., & Hahn, L. R. 2006). Following the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, a revolution has been underway in the relationships of federal, state, and local homeland security, law enforcement, and give-and-take organizations. At the federal level, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has been created, the wall between law enforcement and intelligence has been nearly obliterated, some law enforcement organizations are being dir ected to become more like intelligence agencies, and the foreign intelligence community is being fundamentally reformed.Right now public law enforcement is facing a major crisis, with the activation of military reservists, which appall police staffing, jurisdictions lack resources to hire additional officers, and local communities, cities, countries, and states face tight budgets. (Cooke, L. G., & Hahn, L. R. 2006) Although there are many problems in the homeland security, the police officers still pick off to keep a solid relationship with the community. By keeping those safe from crime, and keeping crime off the streets, and developing relationship with the citizens of the community, our society will once again be able to battle the war of crime. The Future of PolicingSome police forces believe that 20 years from now they will operate much as they do today, but advances in technology and operating concepts are drivingsignificant changes in day-to-day police operations. The poten tial visions of the coming(prenominal) of policing, base on the concept of jurisdiction, technology, and threat, and include concrete steps for implementation. This idea is based on a review of policing methods and theories from the 19th century to the present day. Recommendations include educating personnel office and leaders to build internal support for change, transitioning to share technical platforms, and leveraging winning technologies. Because criminals will also use new technology that becomes available, the key to the future of policing will not be the technology itself it will be the ways in which police forces adapt the technology to their needs. ConclusionThere are many types of Police operations. Policing in general has a wide range of different kinds of strategies and areas. All of which are used today to keep our streets and community safe from crime and terrorism. There are many different kinds of relationships in which police officers have with the community to this day, in order for the community to assist the police in any way they can. The use of technology that is used with in the many different branches of police, military and government are all sign that paint the way to the future of what the police force and military and government will become as the years go by into the future.ReferencesCooke, L. G., & Hahn, L. R. (2006, November). The Missing Link in Homeward Security. Retrieved from http//www.policechief snip.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_arch&article_id=1048&issue_id=112006 Keating, M. (2012). Big Drop in Police deaths last year. Retrieved from http//govpro.com/public_safety/law/poice-deaths-low-20100112 Schultz, P. D. (2008, June). Technology in Police Departments. Retrieved from http//www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display&article_id=1527&issue_id=62008 USLegal.com. (2012). Less-lethal weapon law & legal definition. Retrieved from http//definitions.unlegal.com/I/less-lethal-weapon/ Copbl ock.org. (2010, September 13). How dangerous is Police Work? Retrieved from http//www.copblock.org/923/how-dangerous-is-police-work/

Management comprises

guidance comprises of direction and control of a group of one or more people or entities for the purpose of coordinating and harmonizing that group towards accomplishing a goal. In business, management often encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resourced, technological resources and natural resources. Since the management department is the core of in force(p) operations, strategies and proper procedure essential(prenominal) run it.If employers are genuine about participation, the prime area of attention unavoidably to be the daily behavior of managers. This necessitates reviewing the performance, selection and training of managers. The worst function to do is to promote people into managerial jobs while letting them think that they need not take their managerial responsibilities undecomposedly (p. 10). Participation also needs to be examined in the context of compositional and national culture and the pressures on an organization at partic ular points in time. Too often the topic is communicate as though the objectives can be achieved simply finished mechanistic im situation. To understand what makes of an effective manager, I have studied Rees and Porters Skills of Management and interviewed two managers.The first interviewee is Lisa McCormack, a 35 years old Services Manager in a Health Service provider in Ireland. She has a degree in Social Science and a post graduate diploma in management studies. She has also completed computer courses, health and safety device courses, and time management and conflict resolution. She has been with her current employer for ten years.Lisa is a full-time Services Manager, whose main responsibilities are matched with that of a manager. Her main responsibilities in her current position include strategic planning for operates, report preparation, bud pose allocation, staff management and functional as part of a multi disciplinary team to enhance service provision for their client group.Lisa was employed in 1998 as a Project Coordinator, which included some management duties just now a project Manager was amenable for the department. She worked as a project coordinator until 2002 when she was appointed Services Coordinator, which again included some management duties but supervised by a Service Manager. In 2005 she was promoted to become a Service Manager where she takes over full management duties. Management does not take place in a vacuum but in a particular set of circumstances usually requiring specialiser knowledge. It would be unusual for a manager in a medical specialist surroundings to have had years of specialist training but only days of management training (p.2).Management escalator is developmention of responsibilities, from specialists to managerial, through time to economic aid employees acquire managerial skills overtime while developing operational skills at the same time. This transition, as managerial responsibilities increase and s pecialist activities decrease, gives the employee a more speckless expertise in the department.Specialists often acquire managerial responsibilities, and often quite early in their career. Those aspiring to management have found that their entry road is via a specialist department. Consequently, it is appropriate to see that managers have the right blend of specialist and managerial skills and that they are given help in adjusting to managerial roles. The implications of the specialist route into management need to be reflected in the structure of increasingly popular undergraduate programs in business studies. There is a case for much(prenominal) courses having both specialist options and a managerial component.Service management is integrated into Supply Chain Management as the joint between the actual gross revenue and the customer. A service manager go downs superior service costs by integrating the service and products supply chain. She also reduces inventory levels of ser vice parts and thus reduces total inventory costs. She optimizes customer service and service quality.She helps in the increase of service revenue by reducing obsolescence costs of service parts through improved forecasting. A service manager may also minimize technician visits as with her knowledge and expertise, she can fix related problems. There is no focal point she can miss these skills through her years of specialist activities.She believes that her education has served her precise well in gaining promotions but she would consider her informal education within the organization as very relevant to her current managerial position as Increases in the quantity of management training are one thing, ensuring that training is effective is another, (p. 17). Professional experience in the organization teaches helpful application than theories.The second interviewee is a 52 year old Manager of a global habit production company. He claims that hes a full time Manager of the Sales De partment but states that 50% of his time is spent on managerial responsibilities while 25% of it is spent on changes, which their clients might require in the future and the remaining 25% spent on trying to get new clients.According to Rees and Porter, management operates through various functions, such as (a) the planning and deciding what needs to happen in the future. It also includes generating plans for action (b) organizing, which is the do optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans (c) leading and motivating, which is the exhibiting of skills in specialty areas for getting others to play an effective part in achieving plans and (d) controlling, monitoring, and checking of progress against plans, which may need modification based on feedback. From this it can be inferred that though hes a full-time manager performing specialist responsibilities, he in fact comprises the key skills of an effective manager.He has worked five years as a specialist sales person before worthy a supervisor and four years later became a manager. Managerial responsibility usually flows from specialist expertise if a person has to run a specialist unit they are unlikely to be able to do this unless they understand what their subordinates are doing and can give appropriate guidance about working methods and end results (p. 6).Another problem that can arise people with background in a particular management specialty. Like other specialists, they may net profit too much attention to their area of historic specialization. They may give too much priority in terms of time and decision making to issues in their specialized area (p.11). He has been a very effective sales specialist, which caused his department to expand. Promotion to supervisory or management positions of specialists may reduce or remove the opportunity to do the work for which they were trained and with which they identify (p. 12) but apparently this does not prove as in his case.He has interpreted a two-year post graduate course in Business Administration and attended many seminars. He says his formal management training, his BA course, is very effective and that he could not have done what he has accomplished now without it.Though role definition must be crystal substantiate to put a precise boundary between managers and specialists whose responsibilities are both overlapping, the two interviewees show that their managerial position does not take their operational responsibilities away.Organizations must be straightforward when it comes to job descriptions to avoid confusion. The selectors of managers must also be competent since incompetent ones would only appoint those skillful specialists into managerial positions they are not good in or unprepared for. Organizations who assign managerial responsibilities to specialists without formality may also encounter problems such as a demand for high paying specialist jobs, ineffective and reduced incentive s for quality work from specialists who perform managerial responsibilities, and specialists encountering difficulty in integrating with colleagues. However, such problems are not demo by both interviewees.Managers should also identify what disciplinary handling skills need to be developed in organizations. Much attention is often paid to serious issues such as dismissal but most disciplinary action is, or needs to be, at the base where action such as way and informal warnings may be what is required. Training provided is often heavily oriented around the law and more appropriate for managers than specialists. Focuses on the need to clarify responsibilities, the personality of the skills managers need, the way these skills can be developed and the preventive aspects of discipline. Crucial managerial skills should be identified and categorized into process skills.SourceRees & Porter, Skills of Management, Chapter 1 Thomson Learning, 2001

Modern dance Essay

uncertainty 1 of 25 puddle2(of potential 2 points) The French court ballet reached its elevation during the reign of Louis XIV, whose very birth had been celebrated by the _______________ of 1639. A. Ballet de la Felicite B. Ballet de la coutisane appele C. Ballet de Madame D. Ballet de la Deliverance de Renaud ANSA The terpsichoreans in the earliest ballets were passing skilled professionals capable of feats of strength and agility. squ be(a) senseless ANSF In an effort to convey some core to the viewer, 18th coke choreographers were inspired to evolve the ________________, which attempted to unfold a story purely in terms of movement.A. commedia dell arte B. ballet d achievement C. break dancing D. pantomime ANSB The rise of the court ballet in France paralleled the birth of opera in Italy, and coincided with the opening of the first world theatres in France as well(p) as the rise of the great French playwrights Corneille and Racine. aline trumped-up(prenominal) ANST Both France and Italy contributed to the development of the court ballet. unbent mendacious root primaeval straight oral sex 2 of 25 crisscross2(of potential 2 points) As the 17th century progressed, ballet in France was gradually transformed from the diversion of noble amateurs into a professional art. received delusive dissolvent secernate certain challenge 3 of 25Score2(of doable 2 points) Dancing in general in the 16th and 17th century court was considered a means of acculturation the individual and drawing him into harmony with the group, and formed an important part of the education of a gentleman. True untrue dish out distinguish True wonder 4 of 25Score2(of practicable 2 points) In Vienna (1740s), who began to create spectacular ballets inspired by the stories of mythic lovers? A. Jean Georges Noverre B. Franz Anton Hilverding C. Maximilien Gardel D. Jean Dauberval. swear out bring up B challenge 5 of 25Score2(of attainable 2 points) Most of the early c ourt ballet themes were derived from literary sources, and the ballets themselves include spoken or sung verses which were called _______. A. recits B. intermedii C. trionfi D. libretto tell unwrap A query 6 of 25Score2(of mathematical 2 points) _____________who do her introduction at the capital of France Opera in 1726, was a brilliant technician, excelling in beaten move such as entrechats and cabrioles. Audiences were charmed with her sprightliness and vivacity. A. Marie Camargo B. Marie Salle.C. Marie Taglioni D. Marie Osmond Answer get wind A distrust 7 of 25Score2(of realistic 2 points) The court ballet, whos chief purpose was to glorify the State, was a guardedly calcu tardilyd mixture of _____________. A. art and politics B. politics and entertainment C. both a and b Answer Key C psyche 8 of 25Score2(of feasible 2 points) The French court ballet reached its height during the reign of Louis XIV, whose very birth had been celebrated by the _______________ of 1639 . A. Ballet de la Felicite B. Ballet de la coutisane appele C. Ballet de Madame D.Ballet de la Deliverance de Renaud Answer Key A Question 9 of 25Score2(of viable 2 points) Who was the 18th century danseuse who was admired for her dazzling virtuosity, especially in the beaten jumps called entrechats? A. Marie Camargo B. Marie Salle C. Marie Taglioni D. Marie Osmond Answer Key A Question 10 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who succeeded Jean Georges Noverre as director at the capital of France Opera? A. Franz Anton Hilverding B. Maximilien Gardel C. Jean Dauberval D. both b and c Answer Key D Question 11 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).The playwright Molieres comedies-ballets may be viewed as a transitional form between the court ballet and the professional theatrical art that was developing in 1661. True nonsensical Answer Key True Question 12 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) During the era of the Ballet dAction, the range of topics that had been successfully treated include d __________________. A. mythological tales B. classical tragedies C. historical dramas D. love stories and pastorals E. all of the above Answer Key E Question 13 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).The Academie de Musique was later to be known familiarly as the Paris Opera. True trumped-up(prenominal) Answer Key True Question 14 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The 18th century was an age of brilliant social leapingrs, and both dancers and choreographer felt that dance should convey some meaning to the viewer, which inspired the organic evolution ballet daction, which unfolded a story purely in terms of movement. True False Answer Key True Question 15 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) In 1738, Jean-Baptiste Lande established a domesticate which would eventually choke the school of the Kirov Ballet at the Maryinsky Theatre.True False Answer Key True Question 16 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who is credited with identifying the five positions of the feet upon which all balle t steps are based, systematizing the method of teaching dance, and devising a system of dance preeminence? A. Pierre Rameau B. Phlippe Quinault C. Pierre Beauchamp D. Pierre Perrin Answer Key C Question 17 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The different components of early French court ballets included _________. A. dance and medicine B. poetry and music C. dance and design D. poetry and dance E. all of the above Answer Key E.Question 18 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) During the era of Molieres comedies-ballets, professional dancers began to evolve technical feats that demanded a high degree of training and skill, such as _________________. A. pirouettes B. cabrioles C. entrechats D. all of the above Answer Key D Question 19 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which ballet was first performed on the proscenium stage of the theatre of the Palais-Royal in 1641? A. Ballet de la Felicite B. Ballet des Voleurs C. Ballet des Fees de la Foret de Saint-German D. Ballet de la Prosperite de s armes de la France Answer Key D.Question 20 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who was the choreographer of Ballet Comique de la Reine Louise, presented in 1581? A. Jean-Antoine de Baif B. Catherine de Medici C. Louis XIV D. Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx Answer Key D Question 21 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who rose to prominence in the French court thanks to his talents as a dancer, violinist and composer, and dominated the Paris Opera from 1672 until his death in 1687? A. Pierre Perrin B. Peirre Beauchamp C. Jean-Baptiste Lully D. Claude Balon Answer Key C Question 22 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).Who was to become the 18th centurys most aggressive proponent of the ballet daction? A. Jean Georges Noverre B. Franz Anton Hilverding C. Maximilien Gardel D. Jean Dauberval Answer Key A Question 23 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The Development of the Ballet dAction showed that ballet was an art of considerable flexibility. True False Answer Key True Question 24 of 25Score2(of p ossible 2 points) The Art of Dancing was the first completed notation system to record dance steps with abstract symbols. True False Answer Key True Question 25 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).When the 18th century ended, ballet had established itself as a legitimate vehicle for dramatic expression, and not merely a decorative adjunct to an opera or play. True False Answer Key True Part 1 of 1Multiple Choice/True FalseScore50(of possible 50 points) Please choose the best possible answer for the hobby questions. Question 1 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which ballet was a showcase for four jewels of the Romantic ballet? A. Giselle B. La Sylphide C. Pas de Quatre D. La Esmeralda Answer Key C Question 2 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).Although Russia played the role of follower rather than a terceter in the world of dance until the late 19th-century, the situation was reversed between 1890 and 1910 by the works of French born choreographer ________ and Russian choreographer _ _______. A. Jules Perrot, Adam Gluszowski B. Jean Coralli, Alexander Benois C. Marius Petipa, Mikhail Fokine D. Philippo Taglioni, Vaslav Nijinsky Answer Key C Question 3 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Ballets of the Romantic era dealt with mystical, or supernatural themes and included characters such as ____________. A. sylphides B. water nymphs C. fire spirits D. peris E.demons F. all of the above Answer Key F Question 4 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) rooster Ilyich Tchaikovsky was the composer for The Rite of Spring. True False Answer Key False Question 5 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who was the lead dancer in the 1911 performance of LApres-midi dun faune? A. Rudolph Nureyev B. George Balanchine C. Merce Cunningham D. Vaslav Nijinsky Answer Key D Question 6 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which ballet was considered a deliberate affront to art, and resulted in a violent reaction by audience members at its debut, including hisses, catcalls and fighting?A. Scheherazad e B. Petrouchka C. Le Spectre de la Rose D. The Rite of Spring Answer Key D Question 7 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Viennese ballerina Fanny Elssler (rival to Taglioni) was known for her precision and rapid execution of small quick steps. True False Answer Key True Question 8 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who was the proveer of Ballet Russes? A. Serge Diaghilev B. Alexandre Benois C. Leon Bakst D. Konstantin Stanislavsky Answer Key A Question 9 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who was the leading costume and set designer for the Ballets Russes?A. Serge Diaghilev B. Alexandre Benois C. Leon Bakst D. Konstantin Stanislavsky Answer Key C Question 10 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who was the choreographer in the 1911 performance of LApres-midi dun faune A. Rudolph Nureyev B. George Balanchine C. Merce Cunningham D. Vaslav Nijinsky Answer Key D Question 11 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which dancer of the Ballet Russes was known for his legendary elevation and ability to hover in the air, as well as his controversial performances? A. Michel Fokine B. Vaslav Nijinsky C. Adolph Bolm.Answer Key B Question 12 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The stage and costume design that Leon Baskst created for ________ in 1910 sparked new fashions in the worlds of dress design and interior decoration. A. Scheherazade B. Le Spectre de la Rose C. Petrouchka D. LApres-midi dun faune Answer Key A Question 13 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The classical ballets sense of clarity, harmony, symmetry and order is demonstrated by the crystallization of the pas de deux. True False Answer Key True Question 14 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).The adoption of the soft, close-fitting slipper in the late 18th century paved the way for the ballerinas rise to the tips of her toes, eventually known as pointe technique. True False Answer Key True Question 15 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which composer was commissioned by the Imperial Theatres to write the music for qui escency Beauty, replacing previous poorly esteemed specialists? A. Igor Stravinsky B. Ivan Vsevolojsky C. Frederic Chopin D. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Answer Key D Question 16 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky was the composer for the ballets Sleeping Beauty, The Nutcracker, and Swan Lake. True False Answer Key True Question 17 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) What was perhaps the most important single fascinate on 19th-century ballet? A. Classicism B. Neo-Classicism C. Modernism D. Romanticism Answer Key D Question 18 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which ballet, first produced at the Paris Opera on 12 March 1832, was such a perfect expression of Romantic urgings that it immediately changed the face of the ballet of its time. A. Swan Lake B. Petrouchka.C. Giselle D. La Sylphide Answer Key D Question 19 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which choreographer was one of the creators of Giselle, a ingenious dancer himself, did most of his dramatic ballets in London, and whose work was part of the international expansion of the Romantic ballet? Answer Key B Question 20 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The costume which had been shortened since Taglionis twenty-four hours, and had become the ballerinas uniform and mark of status, was called the tutu. True False Answer Key True Question 21 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).Marie Taglioni was known for her effortlessness, lightness and fluidity of movement. True False Answer Key True Question 22 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which Romantic ballet masterpiece, first produced at the Paris Opera, is credited with immediately changing the face of the ballet of its time? A. Giselle B. Pas de Quatre C. La Esmeralda D. La Sylphide Answer Key D Question 23 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which female dancer first had the title role in La Sylphide? A. Marie Taglioni B. Fanny Elssler C. Carlotta Grisi D. Lucile Grahn E. Fanny Cerrito Answer Key A.Question 24 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) In La Sylphide, ____________s effortlessness, lightness and fluidity of movement, which, coupled with her chaste and modest bearing, made her appear to be indeed an airy being innocent of human lusts and desires. A. Marie Camargo B. Marie Salle C. Marie Taglioni D. Marie Osmond Answer Key C Question 25 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The ballet of the Romantic period was immortalized by the paintings and drawings of which famous artist? A. Claude Monet B. Michelangelo C. Leonardo da Vinci D. Edgar Degas Answer Key D.Part 1 of 1Multiple Choice/True FalseScore50(of possible 50 points) Question 1 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The style known as _______ built upon and extended the formalism of Petipas era, giving it new interest without violating the rules of clarity and order. A. classical ballet B. classical ballet C. modern dance D. pre-modern dance Answer Key B Question 2 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The Denishawn school offered its students a richly varied curriculum, including ballet (performed without shoes), free-flowing exercises for the arms and torso, ethnic and folk dances.True False Answer Key True Question 3 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The last great ballet of Diaghilevs era was _______ . A. Les Biches B. Le Train Bleu C. The Prodigal Son D. The Sleeping Princess Answer Key C Question 4 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Ted Shawn and his Men Dancers, was dedicated to proving that dancing was a highly masculine activity. True False Answer Key True Question 5 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which oganization created the Federl Dance learn which produced Helen Tamiriss How Long Brethren?in 1935 as part of its effort to alleviate the widespread unemployment of the depression, and marked the first time public funds had been used in the U. S. to create dance works? A. Works Progress Administration B. New Dance Group C. Workers Dance League Answer Key A Question 6 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who was the choreographer of Apollo an d The Prodical Son, the only two ballets he made for Diaghilev that have survived to the present day? A. George Balanchine B. Leonide Massine C. Serge Lifar D. Kasian Goleizovsky Answer Key A Question 7 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).Which Cubist artist disigned sets and costumes for for the ballets Parade, Le Tricorne, Pulcinella, and Cuadro Flamenco in the early 1900s? A. Fernand Legar B. Francis Picabia C. Pablo Picasso D. Leon Bakst Answer Key C Question 8 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which of these post-Denishawn pioneers had a lighter sham which provided a welcome relief in the serious, somtimes somber world of Modern dance? A. Martha Graham B. Doris Humphrey C. Charles Weidman D. Erick Hawkins Answer Key C Question 9 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).Which two dancers held doctoral degrees in anthropology, did field work in Africa and the Carribean, and were the leaders of the Black dance movement in the 30s and 40s? A. Lester Horton and Jose Limon B. Katherine Dunha m and Pearl Primus C. Helen Tamiris and Edith Segal D. La Meri and Ruth St. Denis Answer Key B Question 10 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) After Fokine and Nijinsky leftfield The Ballet Russes, Diaghilev groomed which dancer as the next choreographer? A. George Balanchine B. Serge Lifar C. Anna Pavlova D. Leonide Massine Answer Key D Question 11 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).Which American dancer was the symbol of female longings, well-hidden or perhaps even unconscious, for emancipation from the traditional roles of wife and mother, for inner freedom and personal fulfillment? A. Loie Fuller B. Isadora Duncan C. Ruth St. Denis D. Kate Vaughan Answer Key B Question 12 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) In Russia a period of experimentalism followed the 1917 Revolution. True False Answer Key True Question 13 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which of the following is true about Modern dance of the 1930s and 40s?A.it embodied the complexities and contradictions of the modern wor ld B. It confronted the grim realities of life, but also found a place for lyricism and humor C. it sought to express the American heritage, yet it also recognized the ethnic diversity of Americans and tried to convey this done dance D. all of the above are true Answer Key D Question 14 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which American dancer drew inspiration from many cultures and choreographed Radha, an exotic evocation of hindu temple dancing? A. Isadora Duncan B. Loie Fuller C. Ruth St. Denis D. Ted Shawn Answer Key CQuestion 15 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who spurned the decorative prettiness of contemporary ballet in favor of a style that emphasized emotional intensity and strong, stark movements? A. Doris Humphrey B. Rudolph Laban C. Hanya Holm D. Mary Wigman Answer Key D Question 16 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) What year was the term Modern Dance coined? A. 1950 B. 1910 C. 1890 D. 1927 Answer Key D Question 17 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Martha Graham searc hed for the fundamental teachings of movement. She evolved theories that became the basis of her dance technique.The basic human function of breathing inspired Grahams theory of ________________. A. fall and recovery B. swoop up and swirl C. contraction and release D. twist and turn Answer Key C Question 18 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who found ideas for her dances in natural phenomena such as the movement of wind and waves, and drew upon ordinary actions such as walking, discharge, skipping and jumping the normal movement repertory of human beings? A. Isadora Duncan B. Mary Wigman C. Martha Graham D. Doris Humphrey Answer Key A Question 19 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).Which American dancer eschewed the technical virtuosity of ballet, was not particularly interested in storytelling or expressing emotions through dance, and devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and color on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore? A. Isadora Duncan B. Ruth St. Denis C. Loie Fuller D. Kate Vaughan Answer Key C Question 20 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which ballerina performed the following pieces inspired by natural images Dragonfly (1915), California Poppy (1915) and the best known of all, The Dying Swan, which Fokine had choreographed for her in 1907?A. Natalia Makarova B. Fanny Elssler C. Anna Pavlova Answer Key C Question 21 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which organization was a confederation of dance groups founded in 1933 for the purpose of political activism through dance? A. Works Progress Administration B. New Dance Group C. Federal Dance Project D. Workers Dance League Answer Key D Question 22 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which Modern dancer used West Indian and African dance as the basis for her powerful works on black themes? A. Isadora Duncan B. Martha Graham C. Yvonne Rainer D. Pearl Primus Answer Key D.Question 23 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who served as musical director for the Denishawn compa ny and encouraged both St. Denis and Shawn to commission new scores by American composers? A. Louis Horst B. Johannes Brahms C. John Cage D. Igor Stravinsky Answer Key A Question 24 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which early 20th century Russian experimentalist believed choreographers should study the orchestral scores of their ballets so that their choreography would reflect musical qualities such as instrumental color and dynamics? A. Fyodor Lopukhov B. Kasian Goleizovsky.C. Nicholas Sergeyev D. Olga Spessivtseva Answer Key A Question 25 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The subject of Isadora Duncans choreography was the soul universal emotions, responses and aspirations. True False Answer Key True Part 1 of 1Multiple Choice/True False/MatchingScore48(of possible 50 points) Question 1 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Which American dancer combined ballet, tap, jazz, ballroom and gymnastics in his musicals and films, which he often choreographed and directed as well as perform ed? A. Fred Astaire B. George Balanchine C.Mark Morris D. Gene Kelly Answer Key D Question 2 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Which 20th century American choreographer created the light hearted ballet Fancy Free for Ballet Theater which was later expanded into a highly successful musical comedy, On the town? A. Roland Petit B. Anthony Tudor C. Jerome Robbins D. Peter Martins Answer Key C Question 3 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Danced to a score by Aaron Copland, which ballet was one of the most successful pieces mounted by the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo and was the work of American choreographer Agnes de Mille?A. Graduatuin Ball (1940) B. Rodeo (1942) C. Night Shadow (1946) D. A Tradegy of port (1926) Answer Key B Question 4 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Which young ballerina took over Alicia Markovas roles when she left in 1935, and went on to create many roles in Frederick Ashtons ballets? A. Marie Rambert B. Margot Fonteyn C. Ninette de Valois D. Tamara Toumanova Ans wer Key B Question 5 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) By the _______ ballet was well on its way to becoming a truly international art, with no single city as the substance of the dance world. A. 1930s.B. 1940s C. 1950s D. 1960s Answer Key C Question 6 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Although the deaths of Diaghilev in 1929 and Pavlova in 1931 began to weaken the Russian monopoly on western ballet, the tradition of the Ballet Russes was carried on in new ballet companies which sprang up in Britain, France and the U. S in the 1930s and 40s. True False Answer Key True Question 7 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Who first esablished the schooltime of American Ballet, after recognizing the need for good dance training in America? A. George Balanchine B. Agnes de Mille C.Serge Lifar D. Lucia Chase Answer Key A Question 8 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Freed by Cunningham and Nikolais from the necessity of storytelling or self-expression, the choreographers of the sixties began to explore new approaches to conceiving and structuring dances. True False Answer Key True Question 9 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Who organized the first dance concert in 1962 at Judson Memorial Church, which became a center for artistic and intellectual activities and the home of the group known as Judson Dance Theater? A. Trisha Brown B. Kenneth King C.Simone Forti D. Robert Dunn Answer Key D Question 10 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) In Cunninghams works, although music occupies the same timespan as the choreography, and design the same physical space, neither has to relate in any other way to the dancing. True False Answer Key True Question 11 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Which choreographers technique uses contact improvisation, in which the performers alternately take each others weight without using their hands, and requires a highly developed sense of balance and a capacity for rapport with others?A. Steve Paxton B. David Gordon C. Douglas Dunn D. Trisha Brown An swer Key A Question 12 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Merce Cunningham is known for frequently collaborating with avant-garde composer A. Scott Joplin B. George Gershwin C. John Cage D. Sergei Rachmaninoff Answer Key C Question 13 of 23Score0(of possible 2 points) Which choreographer rebelled against what he viewed as the modern dances preoccupation with self? A. Paul Taylor B. Merce Cunningham C. Alvin Ailey D. Alwin Nikolais Answer Key D Question 14 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points).Although the extreme experiments of the 1950s, 60s, and 70s have been abandoned or softened with time, their impact has had which of the following effects on our conceptions of dance today? A. there is now more latitude in the types of movement generally accepted as dance B. there is more freedom of choice in choreographic method, performing style, costume, performing space and other elements of presentation C. it helped dissolve the myth that a dancer had to be trained practically from the cradle D. all of the above Answer Key D Question 15 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points).Louis Horsts review of Paul Taylors program Seven New Dances, published in Dance Observer of November 1957, consisted of a blank space. True False Answer Key True Question 16 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Which choreographer used everyday movements such as walking, running and sitting an objective reminiscent of Isadora Duncans? A. Paul Taylor B. Lucinda Childs C. Anna Sokolow D. Martha Graham Answer Key A Question 17 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Merce Cunningham has been recognized during his lifetime as one of the most innovative and influential choreographers of the 20th Century.True False Answer Key True Question 18 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Who said I want man to be able to identify with things other than himself. We moldiness give up our navel contemplations long enough to take our place in space. A. Meredith Monk B. Alwin Nikolais C. Twyla Tharp D. David Gordon Answer Key B Quest ion 19 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) The artists involved with Judson Dance Theater were avant-garde experimentalists who embraced the confines of Modern dance practice and theory. True False Answer Key False.Question 20 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Cunningham sees randomness and arbitrariness as positive qualities in making dances because they are never conditions of real life. True False Answer Key False Question 21 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Who choreographed the etymon work, Duet (1957), in which he and his pianist remained motionless for the duration of the dance, which was accompanied by a non-score by John Cage. A. Merce Cunningham B. Paul Taylor C. Gene Kelly D. Mikhail Baryshnikov Answer Key B.Question 22 of 23Score2(of possible 2 points) Who said NO to spectacle no to virtuosity no to transformations and magic and make-believe no to the capture and transcendency of the star image no to the heroic no to the anti-heroic no to trash imagery no to involvement of performer or spectator no to style no to camp no to seduction of spectator by the wiles of the performer no to eccentricity no to moving or being moved. A. Yvonne Rainer B. Twyla Tharp C. Alvin Ailey D. Mikhail Baryshnikov Answer Key A Question 23 of 23Score6(of possible 6 points).Please match the following descriptions with the correct answers Match Choice 1. two major ballet companies in Soviet Russia initially known in the mid-twenties and 30s to encourage a predilection towards drama for political purposes. Select A. B. C. A. Kirov and Bolshoi Ballets 2. In contrast to the Ballet Russe companies, with their cosmopolitan roster and perennial touring, several companies in England began to develop a smaller scale national identity in the 1920s and 30s Select A. B. C. B. Ballet Rambert and Sadlers Wells Ballet 3.After Diaghilevs death in 1929, and his company had disbanded, its name and heritage were claimed by two rival companies. Select A. B. C. C. Basil Ballets Russes and Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo Answer Key 1 A, 2 B, 3 C Part 1 of 1Multiple ChoiceScore50(of possible 50 points) Question 1 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Although Alvin Ailey is usually sort out as a modern dancer, he often employed the hybrid form of modern ballet in works created for his multi-racial group, the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater.True False Answer Key True Question 2 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Life, death, and metamorphosis are _______s principle themes. A. Butoh B. Tanztheater C. Minimalism D. Hip-hop Answer Key A Question 3 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which choreographer of the Royal Ballet, produced many evening-long dramatic works including Romeo and Juliet (1965). A. Kenneth MacMillan B. Sir Frederick Ashton C. David Gordon D. Yuri Grigorovich Answer Key A Question 4 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points)When did modern dance choreographers first beget to set pieces for ballet companies? A. early 1930s B. late 1940s C. mid 1950s D. early 1970s An swer Key B Question 5 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Which organization, established in 1984, has encouraged many American dance companies to take new risks by sustenance their collaboration with progressive choreographers? A. The Take a Risk Foundation B. National Endowment for the Arts C. The National Choreography Project D. none of the above Answer Key C Question 6 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points)Twyla Tharp has been a favorite guest choreographer and has mounted works for American Ballet Theatre featuring the Russian premier danseur ________________. A. George Balanchine B. Alexander Gudunov C. Michel Fokine D. Mikhail Baryshnikov Answer Key D Question 7 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) The term _______ became widely used in the 1970s to describe certain types of peices by visual artists. A. punk B. story ballet C. performance art D. formalism Answer Key C Question 8 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points).Riverdance is a show which presents the traditional dance form called ___ ____ in a glamorous new package, performed by a large and proficient young cast with a high degree of push button and precision. A. Baroque dancing B. Ballroom dancing C. Court dancing D. Irish step dancing Answer Key D Question 9 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) Who choreographed Still/Here which was perceived as the choreographers response to the death from AIDS of his partner Arnie Zane, and his own human immunodeficiency virus positive status? A. Mark Morris B. Matthew Bourne.C. Bill T. Jones D. Garth Fagan Answer Key C Question 10 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) A major offshoot of of modern dance, _______ , arose in Germany and is perhaps best known through the works of Pina Bausch. A. Butoh B. Minimalism C. Tanztheater D. Hip-hop Answer Key C Question 11 of 25Score2(of possible 2 points) _______ is an urban culture created by rap musicians which encompasses music, dance and fashion. A. Butoh B. Minimalism C. Tanztheater D. Hip-hop Answer Key D Question 12 of 25Score.

Promoting autonomy of oneself and others Essay

Introduction Autonomy is the ability to have the capacity for self-governance or have self- determination. This is a concept which comes out through various arenas. For example, the moral autonomy is usually governed by the moral laws ( Deci, 2010). Therefore, personal autonomy can be said to be the capacity of a person to pursue actions base on moral content. This paper will compare the philosophical work by Nietzsche and MacIntyre and determine who offers the best tool of promoting autonomy.Over the past centuries, the teachings of Friedrich Nietzsche have transform and penetrated every realm of social culture in the Western world. In his essays, he examines the significance of peoples ability to make promises. He states that to defend to the promises made requires both combine about the future and very powerful memory that will ensure that certain issues are not forgotten. According to Nietzsche confidence requires one to be predictable or calculable and, on that pointfor e, he or she must share common sets of customs and laws that govern his or her behaviour (Risse, 2001).The federation and morality play an important fibre of do a person predictable, therefore, giving the person ability to make promises. This process according to Nietzsche is complicated as it ends up in the sovereign person who can make decisions, not only because the person in question is bounded by social mores barely because he or she is the master of his or her own free will. The sovereign of an individual is characterised by tremendous responsibilities of one being free to make claims in regard to his or her future. This sense of responsibility according to Nietzsche is called conscience (Risse, 2001).Nietzsche defines the concept of bad conscience and guiltiness using German words for debt and guilt. He suggested that, originally, there were no relationship between guilt and accountability or immorality. Punishments were meted on the basis of reprisal and not on the basis of guilt. If a person failed to honour promises, accordingly they were considered to be in debt the person they failed. The debt could then be balanced by punishing or torturing the person. This happened to a person say the creditor who had no involvement of getting his money back from the debtor. Thus, the memory of making promises during this time was burdened and the punishments and cruelty ensured that the debtor does not forget his promises next time (Risse, 2001).Macintyres in his book, After Virtue (1981) explains his long ethical project. The book diagnoses the rising issues in the society such as culture of emotivism where the moral language pragmatically manipulates decisions, place and decision. According to the book, those moral cultures are said to be a theatre of illusion where the objectives of moral rhetoric masks the decisions. The books examine the part of the community in making the judgments about the truth or falsity. The work by MacIntyre also examines the reasons why human beings need virtues through investigating the social debts and needs of human agents and the part which they were playing in the formation of an independent practical person who can reason (Borden, 2007).The philosophical system by Maclntyres is very important especially to the handle of communitarian politics and the virtues of ethics. He points out the insignificance of conventional business ethic as an application of the modern moral concepts in decision making. His work in philosophy has lead tremendous renewal of values over the last decades. For example, in his works his discusses the moral condemnation of Stalinism. His presentation of this concept draws two important conclusions cerebrate to morality, one is the fact of the peoples solidarity in discovering what people want in their moral life (Borden, 2007).. According to MacIntyre morality organises life of the community. As he concludes his book, he says that the concepts of morality are neither histo rical nor timeless and, therefore, the understanding the developments of historical, ethical concepts can liberate people from any falsity claims (Borden, 2007).MacIntyres Aristotelean offers the best tool of promoting autonomy of one self and others compared to Nietzsche because he examines the habits that humans should develop in order to make judgement and act efficiently in the pursuit of the true choices which have a worthy end. His examination has a very rich account on the deliberate activities by human that apprehend moral formation and society life. He also accounts why humans have practical wisdom to do what is right based on the granting immunity of morality.ReferencesBorden, S. L. (2007). Journalism as practice MacIntyre, virtue ethics and the press. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(6), 1024.Risse, M. (2001). The Second Treatise in In the g enealogy of Morality Nietzsche on the Origin of the Bad Conscience. European Journal of Philosophy, 9(1), 55-81.Source document

Biological Effects Of Radiation Environmental Sciences Essay

Radiation describes a mental process in which energetic atoms or moving ridges travel through a medium or infinite. There be two differentiable character references of ray ionising and non-ionizing. The word ray of light is normally utilize in mention to ionising radioactivity scarcely guardianship sufficient slide fastener to ionise an atom but it may besides mention to non-ionizing ir shaft example corresponding wireless moving ridges or seeable visible radiation syndrome. The push radiates travels outward in sequential lines in all waies from its beginning. This geometry of course leads to a system of measuring and material that is every bit applicable to all types of radiation. Both ionising and non-ionizing radiation back end be prostituteful to beings and can ensue in alterations to the earthy environment.Radiation with sufficiently blue energy can ionise atoms. Most frequently, this occurs when an electron is stripped from an negatron shell, which l eaves the atom with a net positive charge. Because jail cells ar made of atoms, this ionisation can ensue in cancerous neoplastic infirmity. An single cell is made of millions of atoms. The chance of ionising radiation doing malignant neoplastic infirmity is dependent upon the treat rate of the radiation and the sensitiveness of the being being irradiated.Alpha atoms, Beta atoms, da Gamma and X-Ray radiation, and Neutrons may all be accelerated to a high plenty energy to ionise atoms.Alpha atom In of import atom, the self-generated procedure of discharge of an alpha atom from a radioactive core. Alpha atom is by and large lineed as alpha decay. An alpha atom is emitted by a heavy karyon. The karyon, called p arnt karyon has a really big internal energy and is unstable. An alpha atom is a He nucleus entertaining two protons and two neutrons. When two negatrons revolving around the karyon of He atom are knocked out wholly, we select double ionized He atom cognize as alp ha atom.Beta atom a beta-particle is a fast moving negatron. The self-generated procedure of emanation of beta-particle from a radioactive karyon is called beta decay. Beta decay is of three types beta-minus, beta-plus, and electron gaining chequer.Beta-minus beta-minus is like an negatron. It is surprising that nucleus contains no negatron, so a karyon can breathe negatron. In the neutron inside(a) the karyon is converted in to a proton and an negatron like atom. This negatron like atom is emitted by the karyon during beta-decay.In beta-minus decay, neutron in the karyon is converted in to a proton and a beta-minus atom is emitted so that the ratio of neutron to proton lessenings and therefore the nucleus becomes stable.Beta-plus In a beta-plus decay, a proton is converted in to a neutron and a antielectron is emitted if a karyon has more than protons than neutrons.Electron gaining control In negatron gaining control, nucleus absorbs champion of the interior negatrons go around ing around it and hence a atomic proton becomes a neutron and a neutrino is emitted. Electron gaining control is comparable with a antielectron emanation as the procedures lead to the same atomic transmutation. However, in negatron gaining control occurs more often than antielectron emanation in heavy elements. This is because the orbits of negatrons in heavy elements bring on same radii and hence orbital negatrons are really near to the karyon.Gamma beam Gamma beams are the high energy packages of electromagnetic radiation. Gamma radiations expect high energy photons. They do non checker some(prenominal)(prenominal) charge and their comparative remainder mass is zero. Gamma-decay it is the self-generated procedure of emanation of high energy photon from a radioactive karyon.When a radioactive karyon emits a beta atom, the girl karyon is excited to the high energy province. This aroused karyon beams are emitted by the girl nucleus so it is clear that the emanation of gamma be ams fol let looses the emanation of alpha or beta atom.Non ionising radiationNon-ionizing signifiers of radiation on life tissue have merely late been studied. Alternatively of bring forthing charged ions when go throughing through routine, the electromagnetic radiation has sufficient energy to alter merely the rotational, stick or electronic valency constellations of molecules and atoms. However, different biologic do are observed for different types of non-ionizing radiationRadio moving ridges Radio moving ridges whose wavelengths localize from than 104m to 0.1m, are the consequence of charges speed uping through carry oning wires. They are generated by such electronic devices as LC oscillators are used in wireless and telecasting communicating system.Infrared beams Infrared radiations have wavelength runing from or so 0.3m to 10 -4m and besides generated by the electronic devices. The infrared radiation energy absorbed by a substance as internal energy because the energy agitates the objective lens s atoms, increasing their quiver or translational gesture, which consequences temperature increases. Infrared radiation has practical and scientific application in m each countries, including physical therapy, infrared radiation picture taking, and quiver spectrometry.ultraviolet illumination radiation Ultraviolet radiation screen wavelength runing from about 4X104m to 6X10-10m. The cheerfulness is an of import beginning of ultraviolet radiation visible radiation, which is the chief cause of tan. Sunscreen locations are crystalline to seeable visible radiation but coarseer per centum of UV visible radiation absorbed. Ultraviolet beams have besides been implicated I the formation of cataracts.Most of the UV visible radiation from the Sun is absorbed by ozone molecules in the Earth upper ambiance, in a bed called stratosphere. This ozone shield converts deadly high energy UV radiation to infrared radiation, which in bends warm the stratosphere.X raies X raies have the scope from approximately10-8 to 10-12m. The most common beginning of X raies is halting of high energy negatrons upon the pelting a metal mark. X raies are used as nosologies tool in medical exam specialty and as the intervention for certain signifiers of malignant neoplastic disease. Because X raies can damage or destruct living tissue and being, attention must be taken avoid necessary image or over- characterisation. X raies are besides used in the survey of crystal construction because x-rays wavelengths are comparable to the atomic separation distance in solids.Electromagnetic radiation The wave nature of electromagnetic radiation explains assorted phenomena like intervention, diffraction and polarisation. However, wave nature of electromagnetic radiation, could explicate phenomena like photoelectric consequence, Compton Effect. The cathode rays constitute of negative charged atoms called negatrons which are the component of an atom and therefore the component of affair.Harmonizing to the construct of radiation exemplar light moving ridge s wireless moving ridges, X raies, microwaves etc. are sham to transport energy in packages or packages known as photons or quanta. biologic consequence of radiationIn biological consequence of radiation, there are many unsafe achievements of our wellness and complete structure. Biological effects of radiation are typically can be sort outd into two classs. The first year consist of vulnerability to high doses of radiation over shots finale of clip bring forthing ague or short term effects. The 2nd class re attests exposure to low doses of radiation over an drawn-out period of clip bring forthing chronic or long term effects.High dosage ( acute ) high doses tend to kill cells, while low doses tend to damage or alter them. High doses can kill so many cells that tissues and variety meats are damaged. This is bend may do a fast whole organic structure response frequently called the ague radiatio n syndrome ( ARS ) .Low doses ( chronic ) low doses spread out over long periods of clip do nt do an immediate job to any organic structure organ. The effects of low doses of radiation occur at the degree of the cell, and the consequences may non be observed for many old ages.Although we tend to tie in high doses of radiation with ruinous events such as atomic arms detonations, there have been documented instances of persons deceasing from exposures to high doses of radiation ensuing from tragic events.High effects of radiation high effects of radiation are peel Burnss, hairsbreadth loss, asepsis, cataracts.Effectss of skin include ( blushing like tan ) , dry ( skining ) , and moist ( vesicating ) . Skin effects are more likely to happen with exposure to moo energy gamma, x-ray, or beta radiation. Most of the energy of the radiation sedimentation in the skin surface. The dosage required for erythematic to happen is comparatively high, in nimiety of three hundred radiations. Bli stering requires a dosage in surplus of 1,200 radiations.Hair loss, besides called epilation, is similar to clamber effects and can happen after acute doses of about 500 radiations.Asepsis can be makeshift or lasting in males, depending upon the doses. To bring forth lasting asepsis, a dosage in surplus of 400 radiations is required to the rich variety meats.Cataracts ( a clouding of the lens of the center ) appear to hold in a threshold about 200 radiations. Neutrons are particularly useful in bring forthing cataracts, because the oculus has high H2O content, which is peculiarly effectual in halting neutrons.High dose effectsDose ( radiation ) consequence observed15-25 blood count alterations.50 blood count alteration in single.100 regorge ( threshold ) .150 Death ( threshold ) .Classs of effects of exposure to low doses of radiationThere are three general classs of effects ensuing from exposure to low doses of radiation. These areFamilial the consequence is suffered by the p rogeny of the person open.Bodily the consequence is chiefly suffered by the person exposed. Since malignant neoplastic disease is the primary consequence, it is some clock called the carcinogenic consequence.In-utero some erroneously consider this to be a familial effect of radiation exposure, because the consequence, suffered by a development is after birth. However, this is really a particular instance of the bodied consequence, since the embryo is the 1 to the radiation.Radiation hazard the approximative hazards for the three chief effects to degree of radiation areIn familial consequence, hazard from 1 paradoxical sleep of radiation exposure to the generative variety meats about 50 to 1,000 clip s less than self-generated hazard for assorted anomalousnesss.In bodily consequence, for radiation induced malignant neoplastic disease, the hazard estimation is developing any type of malignant neoplastic disease. However non all malignant neoplastic diseases are associated with expos ure to radiation. The hazard from deceasing from radiation induced malignant neoplastic disease is about one half the hazard of acquiring the malignant neoplastic disease.In utero Spontaneous hazards of foetal abnormalcies are about 5 to 30 times greater than hazard of exposure to 1 paradoxical sleep radiation. However, the hazard of child goon malignant neoplastic disease from exposure in utero is about the same as the hazard to grownups exposed to radiation exposures. elongated no-threshold hazard theoretical mark general consensus among experts is that some radiation dosage by a additive, no threshold theoretical account. This theoretical account is accepted by the NRC since it appears to be most conservative.Linear an step-up in dose grownups in a relative addition in hazard.No-threshold any dosage, no affair how little, produces some hazard.The hazard does non get down at 0 because there is some hazard of malignant neoplastic disease, even with no occupational exposure. Expos ure to radiation is warrant of injury. However, because of the additive, no-threshold theoretical account, more exposure means more hazard, and there is no dosage of radiation so little that it will non hold some consequence.Effects OF RADIATION ON CELLSIonizing radiation absorbed by human tissue has adequate energy to take negatrons from the atoms that make up molecules of the tissue. When the negatron that was shared by the two atoms to organize a molecular bond is dislodged by ionising radiation, the bond is broken and therefore, the molecule falls apart. This is a basic theoretical account for understanding radiation harm. When ionising radiation interacts with cells, it may or may non strike a critical pile of the cell. We consider the chromosomes to be the most critical portion of the cell since they contain the familial information and book of instructions required for the cell to execute its map and to do transcripts of it for re fruit intents. Besides, there are really e ffectual fix mechanisms at work invariably which fix cellular harm including chromosome harm.Uses of radiation Nuclear indispensable philosophies application are highly widespread in fabrication, medical specialty in biological science, we present a few of these application and implicit in theories back uping them.Tracing Radioactive tracers are used to track chemicals take parting in assorted reactions. One of the most valuable utilizations of radioactive tracers in medical specialty. For illustration, I, a food needed by the human organic structure, is obtained mostly through enjoyment of iodinated salt and sea nutrient.Radiation therapy Radiation causes much harm to quickly spliting cells. Therefore, it is utile in malignant neoplastic disease intervention because tumour cells divide highly quickly. Several mechanisms can be used to present radiation to a tumour. In some instances, a narrow beam of X ray or radiation from a beginning such as 60co is used. In other cite of aff airs, thin radioactive acerate leafs called seeds are implanted in the cancerous tissue. The radioactive isotope 131I is used to direct malignant neoplastic disease of the thyroid.Black organic structure radiation An object at any temperature emits electromagnetic moving ridges in the signifier of thermic radiation from its surface. The features of this radiation depend on the temperature and belongingss of the object s surface. Thermal radiation originates from accelerated charged atoms in the atoms near the surface of the object those charged atoms emit radiation much as little aerials do. The thermally radiation agitated atoms can hold a distribution of energies, which accounts for the uninterrupted spectrum of radiation emitted by the object. The basic job was in understanding the observed distribution of wavelengths in the radiation emitted by a sick organic structure. A black organic structure is an ideal system that absorbs all radiation incidents on it. The electromagnet ic radiation emitted by the black organic structure is called black body radiation.Radiation harm Radiation harm means that electromagnetic is all about in the signifier of wireless moving ridges, microwaves, light moving ridges so on. The set out and type of harm depend on several factors, including the type and energy of the radiation and belongingss of the affair.Radiation harm in biological being is chiefly due to ionization effects in cells. A cell s normal operation may be disrupted when extremely reactive ions are organize as the consequence of ionising radiation. Large those of radiation are particularly unsafe because harm to a great figure of molecules in a cell may do to decease.In biological systems, it is common to divide radiation harm in two classs bodily harm and familial harm. Bodily harm is that associated with any organic structure cell except the generative cells. Bodily harm can take to malignant neoplastic disease or can earnestly change the features of speci fic being. Familial harm affects merely generative cells. Damage to the cistrons in generative cells can take to faulty cells. It is of import to be the assured of the consequence of nosologies interventions, such as X raies and other signifiers of radiation exposure, and to equilibrate the cardinal benefits of intervention with the hurtful effects.Damage caused by the radiation besides depends on the radiation s perforating power. Alpha particles cause prolonged harm, but penetrate merely to shoal deepness in a stuff due to qualification interaction with other charged atoms. Neutrons do non interact via the electric force and hence penetrate deeper, doing important harm. Gamma beams are high energy photons that can do serve harm, but frequently endure through affair without interactions. For example- a given dosage of alpha atom causes approximately 10 times more biological harm produced by radiation than equal dosage of X raies. The RBE ( comparative biological effectivity ) factor for a given type of radiation is the figure of rads of X ray or gamma radiation that produces the same biological harm as 1-rad of the radiation is being used.Radiation sensors Atoms go throughing through affair interact with the affair in several ways. The atoms can, for example- ionize atoms, spread from atoms, or be absorbed by atoms. Radiation sensors exploit these interactions to let a measuring of the atom s energy, impulse, or alteration and sometimes the very being of the atom if it is otherwise hard to observe. Assorted devices have been essential for observing radiation. These devices are used for a assortment of intents, including medical diagnosings, radioactive dating measuring, mensurating back cut back radiation, and mensurating the mass, energy, and impulse of atoms is created in high-energy atomic reaction.Consequence OF RADIATION ON HUMANSA really little sum of ionising radiation could trip malignant neoplastic disease in the long term even though it may take decennaries for the malignant neoplastic disease to look. Ionizing radiation ( x-rays, radon gas, radioactive stuff ) can do leukaemia and thyroid malignant neoplastic disease. There is no uncertainty that radiation can do malignant neoplastic disease, but there still is a inquiry of what degree of radiation it takes to do malignant neoplastic disease. Quickly spliting cells are more susceptible to radiation harm. Examples of radiosensitive cells are blood organizing cells ( raise marrow ) , enteric liner, hair follicles and foetuss. Hence, these develop malignant neoplastic disease foremost.If a individual is exposed to radiation, particularly high dosage, there are predictable alterations in our organic structure that can be measured. The figure of blood cells, the frequence of chromosome aberrances in the blood cells and the sum of radioactive stuff in piss, are illustrations of biomarkers that can bespeak if one is exposured high dosage. If you do non hold early biological alterations indicated by these measurings the radiation exposure will non present an immediate menace to you.Radiation toxic conditionRadiation toxic condition, radiation illness or a crawl dosage, is a signifier of harm to organ tissue caused by inordinate exposure to ionising radiation. The term is by and large used to mention to acute jobs caused by a big dose of radiation in a short period, though this besides has occurred with long term exposure. The clinical name for radiation illness is acute radiation syndrome as described by the CDC A chronic radiation syndrome does be but is really uncommon this has been observed among workers in early Ra beginning production sites and in the early yearss of the Soviet atomic plan. A short exposure can ensue in acute radiation syndrome chronic radiation syndrome requires a drawn-out high degree of exposure.Radiation exposure can besides increase the chance of developing some other diseases, chiefly malignant neoplastic disease tumours, and familial harm. These are referred to as the stochastic effects of radiation, and are non included in the term radiation.Radiation ExposureRadiation is energy that travels in the signifier of moving ridges or high-velocity atoms. It occurs of course in sunshine and in effect(p) moving ridges. Man-made radiation is used in X-rays atomic arms, atomic power workss and malignant neoplastic disease intervention.If you are exposed to little sums of radiation over a long clip, it raises your hazard of malignant neoplastic disease. It can besides do mutants in your cistrons, which you could go through on to any kids you have after the exposure. A batch of radiation over a short period, such as from a radiation exigency can do Burnss or radiation illness. Symptoms of radiation illness include sickness, failing, hair loss, skin Burnss and decreased organ map. If the exposure is big plenty, it can do premature aging or even decease.