Tv Advertising And Peer Group Pressure Marketing Essay

Tv Advertising And Peer Group Pressure merchandising EssayChildren also exert a powerful influence oer their parents to buy them the latest products, influenced by TV advertising and peer root word pressure. TV/film and the latest goldbrick crazes are also authorized drivers, so a strong stream of new products heavily back up by the media allow help to ensure regular uplifts in toy sales.The big challenge is for toy retailers to avoid competing too heavily on price, so as to drive value growth in sales. This leave be difficult given the slow pace of the economic convalescence and the squeeze on incomes that will ontogeny in 2011 due to austerity measures being introduced to cut the government borrowing deficit.Licensed products will lodge to be a major focus of new product launches, with ranges colligate to new TV or film releases supplementing long-established licensed ranges that continue to be popular. Educational toys that aid learning are also likely to discern growt h.Nostalgic toys with a modern twist are another big area of the market and in terms of retailing the multi-channel combination of websites, catalogues and stores with a bit of added retail theatre will help drive additive sales and reduce the heavy reliance on Christmas.This portable mini motion picture Studio is designed to steer children outside(a) from video games and towards the esthetic temper of photography. The concept came with the increase in popularity of social media and photo sharing, as well as a high percentage of digital camera ownership.Market DescriptionMini Photo Studio is primarily concentrate in the market of artistic creations and crafts products selling a product that will help develop the creativity of the children and teenagers by learning the beautiful art of photography.Demographic Analysis of ConsumersThe main target market of the Mini Photo Studio is the youthfulness teenagers (9-16 years) who are implicated in the artistic passion of photograp hy. Children and young teenagers, who are aged between 9-16 years old, are in general elicit in social networks, fashion, make-up, latest technology mobile phones and photography (Mintel, 2008). In addition, according to a 2008 Mintel Report the second feature apply on mobile phones by young teenagers is the camera facility. Starting with 2003, young teenagers also have more disposable pocket-money to buy their own things and when obtain with parents their own decision is the most important.There are different types of consumers interested in buying the Mini Photo Studio such as consumers interested to learn or develop the photography skills, or interested in modelling which are usually connected more with the eminence. As Mintel Report says Celebrity endorsement is apparently more influential among children than among adults, with almost a quarter of parents claiming that their child/children aged 12+ are influenced by some kind of celebrity/pop/ sports star.The above charact eristics of consumers were among the top factors that came with the increase in popularity of social media and photo sharing, as well as a high percentage of digital camera ownership. With the main focus on creating a product designed to increase the creativity of the teenagers and to keep them away from the use of the video games, which according to Mintel, parents are concerned that video games merchant ship become addicted to their children, so it is beneficial for us to focus on this type of consumer.The consumers are those whose attitudes, behaviours, and use of goods are significantly important for their face-to-face development and interest. They make brand choices based on new trends and celebrity endorsements. In fact, according to Mintel Children claim to place heavy emphasis on their own opinion when making purchasing decisions, with around 4 in 10 children claiming to be confident about their own opinions. Therefore some(prenominal) use of celebrities must not appear to dictate or reproof to children, instead allowing them to make informed purchase or usage decisions. This is especially important among older children, who are exerting their independence.

Role of New Media in Reporting Emergencies in Nigeria

Role of New Media in coverage Emergencies in NigeriaGlory AjabioweThe Role of New Media in Reporting Emergencies in Nigeria. (A Case Study of Ebola Virus)CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1BACKGROUND OF STUDY destiny parley is known for its immediate communication with stakeholders and its competency to flip at a moments nonice. amicable media is also an evolving field. The commit of he tricky media is growing at an exp superstarntial rate. Since their introduction, well-disposed Network Sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, MySpace, Cy domain, peep and Bebo have attracted one kelvin one thousand millions of practisers, umteen an most other(prenominal) of whom have integrated these sets into their daily practices, (Goldfine, 2011). WeE1 rectify accessible network sites as web-establish serve that allow individuals to (1) construct a existence or semi- globe profile within a bounded agreement, (2) allege a list of other users with whom they sh atomic number 18 a connection, and (3) view and bounce back their list of connections and those made by others within the system.There atomic number 18 many ideas ab erupt the starting occurrence of fond media. Throughout much of piece history, weve developed technologies that bring forth it easier for us to communicate with each other (Carton, 2009). The soonest nurture encountered by the writers of this articlereferred to 1792 and the use of the telegraph to transmit and gain messages over long distances (Ritholz, 2010). Emile Durkheim, a French sociologist known by many as the father of sociology, and Ferdinand Tonnies, a German sociologist, are considered pioneers of hearty networks during the recently 1800s. Tonnies believed that amicable congregations could exist because members grappled values and beliefs or because shared conflict. His guess dealt with the affable contract conceptions of society. Durkheim combined empirical research with sociological theory. Also, in the late 1800s, the r eceiving set and telephone were apply for affectionate interaction, albeit one- look with the radio (Rimskii, 2011, Wren, 2004).Since the late 1990s, the new friendly media have not plainly changed the intuition of risk andcrises, but also citizens expectations towards necessity response officials, the private sector, provide organizations, etcE2. chirrup, Facebook and Ushahidi among others have been widely used to communicate about risks and crisis lieus (e.g. 2010 Haiti earthquake, 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident, etc.E3). This change is linked to the rapid development of the Web 2.0 and its applications. While Internet work is expected to grow 25-30% between 2011 and 2015 in North America, Western europium and Japan, and to reach or surpass 50% in Latin America, the snapper East and Africa according to the UN global pulse white book, the use of sociable media such as Facebook and Twitter is growing even to a greater extent rapidly. accessible media is user-generated c ontent distributed through the Internet with the intent tobe shared and advance conversation between users (Wright Hinson, 2009). affable media isone of the major methods of social interaction around the world today (Wright Hinson, 2009).In general, the following are considered social media tools and platforms message boards, photosharing, podcasts, Really Simple Syndication (RSS), video sharing, Wikis, blogs, socialnetworks and micro-blogging sites (Wright Hinson, 2009). affectionate Media female genitals be called a strategy and an outlet for broadcasting, while genial Networking is a tool and a utility for connecting with others (Cohen, 2009 Stelzner, 2009). Furtherto a greater extent, Cohen (2009) reports that the difference is not erect semantics but in the features and functions put into these websites by their creators which dictates the way they are to be used.E4Facebook is a social networking website launched in February 2004, and it is privately operated by Faceboo k, Inc. (Facebook, 2004). Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg and others when he was a student at Harvard though when the site was initially launched, it was restricted to Harvard students only. Later the privilege was extended to high schoolhouse students and later to everyone that is 13 years or older (Boyd, 2007). As of July 2010, Facebook has more than 500 million active users. In January 2009, Facebook was ranked as the nigh used social network worldwide. Also, in May 2010, Google announced that more concourse visited Facebook than any other website in the world. It declares that this was discovered from findings on 1,000 sites a bumble the world, (TIMES, 2010). Users may create a personal profile add other users as friends, and exchange messages, including automatic notifications, photos and comments when they update their profile. Additionally, Facebook users may join honey oil interest user groups, organized by workplace, school, college, or other characteristics.Eb ola virus was discovered in 1976 and since then 2,265 reported cases of Ebola fever in adult male around the world of these victims, 1,531 resulted in shoemakers last killed. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC, 2012). The first known case of Ebola in Nigeria was a traveller exposed in Liberia. On July 17, 2014, while under observation in a Monrovia, Liberia, infirmary for possible Ebola, the patient developed a fever and, while symptomatic, leftover the infirmary against medical advice. Despite advice against travel, on July 20 he flew by commercial airline from Monrovia via Accra, Ghana, to Lom, Togo, then changed aircraft, and flew to Lagos.On arrival the afternoon of July 20, he was acutely ill and this instant transported to a private hospital where he was noted to have fever, vomiting, and diarrhoea. During hospital admission, the patient was queried about Ebola and verbalise he had no known exposure he was initially treat for presumed malaria. Based on t he patients failure to respond to malaria treatment and his travel from an Ebola-affected sphere in the region, treating physicians suspected Ebola.The patient was isolated and tested for Ebola virus infection while local public health authorities were alerted about a suspected case of Ebola. A blood specimen sent to Lagos University instruction Hospital was confirmed positive for acute Ebola virus infection. The patient died on July 25. Port health Services conducted early contact tracing at the airport and worked with airlines and articulationners to ensure notification of the outbreak through International Health Regulations mechanismsDuring the 2009 influenza pandemic, tweets and SMS were used to indicate where vaccinationagainst H1N1 influenza was available. accessible media were used to encourage the population tovaccinate and to indicate where the nearest place was to do so. In Kenya, which has 33 million people there are 11.3 million mobile phone subscribers but only 2 64000 landline and 3 million meshing users. An opt-in system for blood dressors enables them to receive text messages or e-mail reminders stating when they are eligible to donate again but also messages trading for donors of specific blood types during shortages or crises.The World Health Organisation (WHO) uses social media in its Strategic Health OperationsCentre (SHOC) which operate 24-7. give convey to TweetDeck, they conduct search by selected keywords on Twitter. WHO now has two full- conviction social media staff and receives nearly 6,000 new followers on Twitter per week and about the identical number on Facebook per month. These numbers are growing, which assistances WHO both to monitor health crisis and provide good advices to the followers. During the Fukushima events, the TweetDeck observed that or so people were telling their friends to drink wound cleaners, which contain iodine, because they thought this would help their body be prepared for the nuclear radiati on coming up. Via Twitter and Facebook, the WHO social media team warned people not to drink it because it could be toxic. The same day, WHO noticed people rushing to take iodine pills and tweeted Consult your doctor before taking iodine pills. Do not self-medicateAs communication technology diversifies and proliferates, social media (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) are increasingly used to convey information during crises to send warnings, to conduct situational awareness, and even to catalyse action and sustain dialogs and feedback loops among public authorities, volunteer groups, the stock sector and citizens. Despite their usefulness, governments view social media with some caution due to the cost that could be incurred by trying to carry on pace with growing citizen expectations. The reliability of social media content is sometimes questioned, though filtering tools have been developed that may be used to reduce time spent reading irrelevant messages and untrustworthy sources.The s ocial media tummy be used to enhance risk and crisis communication in several ways. First,they are collaborative and participatory. Online discussions can improve situation awareness. Second, they are decentralised. The information can circulate very quickly among actors, thanks to RSS feeds or Tweets, which are immediately available online to multiple organisations. Third, social media are popular and accessible. Emergency services can extend their reach when sending information or warning. Finally, social media can provide data that are geographically or temporally traceable. It becomes possible to monitor the geographical and time development of a crisis thanks to digitally generated content.The evolution of social media has led to faster spread of messages and the ability to minimize harm done to an organization in a crisis scenario. Social media is starting to change the way we do business, and I think if we dont realize whats happening in emergency counseling then people are departure to look up, and theyre going to go- What just happened?(Richard, 2011). But Social media also has the potential to ruin a companys reputation or expedite the spread of harmful corporate rumors (Semple, 2009). This is evident in the spread of the water flavour final result (Salty Friday) by a tertiary institution student via the Facebook that led to the death of many people all over the country including Plateau pronounce after many drank the brininess water and bath with it (Salty Friday).For Iqaluits mayor, Madeleine Redfern in (Canadian Red Cross, 2012), Facebook is often the best way to reach members of her community, especially in emergencies. Many Iqaluit residents use Facebook, which can provide timely updates and allow for nonpartisan communication more effectively than mainstream media. By sharing timely information with her community through social media, Mayor Redfern can help recess rumors before they spread. If misinformation is not corrected and it spr eads like wildfire, then suddenly people are angry and scared and act in ways not in their best interest, she added. Its the difference between an informed public and a panicked one.In Nigeria, 56 Ebola cases have been reported of which 6 has been killed by the disease. It is against this background the researcher is willing to examine the attitude of social media users towards the awareness of Ebola virus on Facebook.1.2STATEMENT OF PROBLEMSocial networking sites can serve many uses throughout emergencies and disaster relief. Social networking sites can hoard information in a central location as well as serve as a resource to understand the magnitude of a disaster during the disaster or emergency (Palen et al., 2009). However, the major conundrum is that Facebook users post, comment, sharing information on Ebola virus which they know small-scale or nothing about the credibility of its source as to add salt to bathwater which also killed some hypertensive patients in Borno state .Social media users know little or nothing about the rule or law command post, comment, sharing information and so on. Another problem is that many of the users on social media expressed their opinion with little or no good editing of the contents they are sharing.The source of major information, idea, concept universe discussed through social media lack credibility and authority. Opinion and attitudes are only formed based on the information posted on social networking sites since there is not an established gatekeepers unlike traditional mass media where the reporters, proof-readers and editors make corrections and filter before disseminated to the citizen, as citizens are now part of information gathering and dissemination.1.3RESEARCH QUESTIONSThe distinctiveness of this research is to be based on the following research questions.To what extent has Nigeria explored facebook in reporting the Ebola virus?What are emergency managers attitudes toward facebook and other social medi a?To what extent has the use of facebook resulted to falsified/ regretful report of critical issues in Nigeria?What benefits are gained from the use of facebook and other social media use during emergencies?1.4AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe flying field is geared to achieve these aims and objectivesTo receive how the internet Web technology has affected the practice of journalism in Nigeria.To ascertain how the use of social media in plateau state has impacted the system in terms of reporting emergency cases.To find out how the use of facebook has aided gentlemans gentleman interaction in plateau state.To find out and examine the pitfalls of facebook in the report of the Ebola Virus outbreak.1.5SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe office of this study is to understand how social media is being used in emergency situations. It attempts to understand communication throughout a disease outbreak and the several(a) ways social media can be used to supplement disaster relief efforts. Th e study will go a long way to bridge the gap of knowledge existing about the use of the social media platform for ordinary chats among friends and set a paradigm for human cooperation and interaction through the sharing of vital information during emergency periods and when other imperative issues of national relevance come into play or relevant.By exploring incumbent social media practices of emergency relief and government organizations, and their successes and failures during emergencies best practices will be established, so as to help add to the bank of knowledge already existent in the field.1.6 SCOPE OF STUDYFacebook.comaccording to Alexa website ranking on 4th, January 2014 was regarded as the most visited website with statistic of 900,000,000 per month followed bygoogle.com, while Twitter is ranked as one of the ten-most-visited websites worldwide by Alexas Web Traffic Analysis. It is recorded that at least 5 million and seven hundred and fifty thousand Nigerians are on f acebook with a good number of them being new-made or students. (facebook statistics, 2014). This has prompted me to use facebook as a social media platform for this study. more so, this study is limited to Jos South local government, Plateau state.1.7 DEFINITION OF hurtThe researcher intends to define ambiguous terms in this study with the functional meaning as it will be used in the study and not the dictionary meanings.New media This is a new platform/ purvey that came with the turn of the millennium and ushered in immediacy and interaction in the art and science of communication and also makes possible/faster the unification of the world into a global village.Emergency This is an impromptu call or situation that may be caused by a disease outbreak, natural disaster, etc., for which human attention/help is needed immediately.Facebook This is a social media platform that allows users to share comments, pictures, videos and other forms of communication and bridges the gap create d by distance.Ebola Virus This is a viral disease that infected 56 people in Nigeria and killed 6. It is characterized by cough, fever, acute headache, and bleeding before death.Salty Friday This is the day a group of students used the facebook and falsely reported that people should drink and bath with salt water to remedy the Ebola Virus. This day was evident with phone calls, text messages and chats in the middle of the night and in the early hours of the day.REFERENCESBoyd, D. (2007). Social Network Sites Definition, History, and Scholarship. calculating machine Mediated Communication, 3-20.Carton, S. (2009). Defining social media. Retrieved from http//www.clickz.com/clickz/column/1703507/defining-social-mediaCDC, (2014 ) CDC Urges all US Residents to forfend None-essential Travel to Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leon Because of an Unprecedented Outbreak of Ebola. CDC, July 31.Cohen, L. S. (2009, April 30). Is There A Difference Between Social Media And Social Networking? Retri eved from Lonscohenmile Durkheim. (2010). In Encyclopdia Britannica. Retrieved from Encyclopdia Britannica Online http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/ government issue/174299/Emile- DurkheimFacebook. (2004). Facebook Inc. Retrieved from Facebook.com http//www.face.comGoldfine, E. (2011) The Use of Social Media Throughout Emergency Disaster Relief. Washington DC.Palen, L., et al. (2009). Crisis in a Networked World Features of reckoner-Mediated Communication ,Virginia Tech Event. Social Science Computer Review, 27(4), 467-480. doi Article Red cross (2012) Canadian red cross on social media, Canada the star phoenixRimskii, V. (2011). The influence of the Internet on active social involvement and the formation and development of identities. Russian Social Science Review, 52 (1), 79-101.Ritholz, B. (2010) History of social media. Retrieved from http//www.ritholtz.com/blog/2010/12/history-of-social-media/Social media update (2014.) while facebook remains the most popular site, other pla tforms divulge higher rates of growth. Pew research centreStelzner, M. (2009, May 22). Social Media vs. Social Networking What s the difference . Retrieved December 4, 2010, from examiner http//www.examiner.com/networking-in- national/social-media-vs-social-networking-what-s-the-differenceSemple, E. (2009). update your crisis communication plan with social media.Strategic Communication Management, 13(5), 7. doi Article.TIMES, L. (2010). The business and culture of our digital lives, . Los Angeles Times, 1.Wright, D., Hinson, M. (2009). An Updated Look at the Impact of Social Media on PublicRelations Practice. Public Relations Journal, 3(2), 27.E1Who is the we? Cite properlyE2Avoid the use of etc. instead use words like and othersE3Same as supraE4Plagiarism

Vitamin C Deterioration in Orange Juice

Vitamin C Deterioration in chromatic tree tree JuiceThis sample distri neverthelessional investigation was designed to examine the descent of vitamin c (ascorbic acid) limit when placed in figures with different oxidization and temperature exposure. property brand orange juice was placed in different temperatures, such as agency temperature, freezer, and electric refrigerator. Also with different oxidization as nonp beil beaker from each(prenominal) temperature was coer with mirthful wrap. Over 6 weeks, mold, smells, kingdom Fungi, bacteria and desiccation where just some of the observations that we made. Although, as well as observing we took screen out results and it was evident that freezer uncover and freezer cover had the well-nigh display case of vitamin c preserved. Over 6 weeks 8ml of orange juice was used from each beaker to trial with indophenol, with most juices the juice nates be catered to the indophenol solution until the juice becomes clear. In some cases the orange juice wont exchange clear, and go a pinky brown. For this reason a control is used to canvas tints. Over 6 weeks the experiment was conducted, entropy was collected and reached a mop up based on the findings.Introduction4 Vitamin c is an organic compound consisting of carbon, warmth mental object and oxygen, vitamin c is a water-soluble vitamin, being water-soluble this means that the eubstance doesnt store it. Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is peerless of the least cyanogenetic substances and this is why vitamin c is necessary for growth and get outment it helps repair wind in all parts of the body. 10Vitamin c helps the body make an fundamental protein called collagen, in which is used to make skin, cartilage, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels, vitamin c is be spatial relations innate for healing wounds and helping maintain and repair bones and teeth. 4 Vitamin C is to a fault essential in an individuals health for the maintenance of healthy connective tissue, which gives documentation and structure for some other tissues and organs.5However, the protective role of vitamin C goes far beyond our skin and gums. Cardiovascular unsoundnesss, cancers, joint diseases and cataracts are all associated with vitamin C want and can be partly prevented by optimal intake of vitamin C. 6Vitamin C achieves much of its protective effect by functioning as an antioxidant and preventing oxygen-based violate to our cells. Structures that contain fat ( homogeneous the lipoprotein molecules that carry fat around our body) are specially dependent on vitamin C for protection.The human body uses vitamin c to wind up a variety of chemical substance reactions, for example providing energy to cells and sending randomness through to neutrons. 7Vitamin C is also in truth important be accept it metabolizes cholesterol, which means it whitethorn help depress cholesterol levels. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient amenable for manufacturing c ompounds and aiding in basic chemical functions. Humans must ingest vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, because we cannot make it ourselves. 11The body gets its daily allowance of this vitamin by eating edged fruits and vegs as part of a healthy sustenance.8Vitamin C is contracted in order to help the body to protect cells and to keep them healthy. Vitamin C is prepare wide variety of provenders, mainly being in the fruit and vege accede areas. Good sources includeBroccoliBrussel sproutsSweet potatoesOrangesKiwi fruit going berriesRed and green bell peppersTomatoes spinachJuices made from guava, grapefruit, and orangeVitamin C deficiencies occur as part of general to a lower place nutrition, tho painful deficiency is uncommon. Vitamin C deficiency symptoms include ironical and splitting hairBleeding gumsRough, dry, scaly skinDecreased wound-healing esteemEasy contuseNosebleedsWeakened tooth enamelSwollen and painful jointsAnemiaDecreased expertness to fight infectionPossible w eight gain because of slowed metabolism21A dreaded vitamin C deficiency is called scurvy, is a medical condition caused by a neediness of vitamin C. Left untreated, scurvy can be fatal, but as luck would have it this condition is extremely easy to address, as all that is required to forefend scurvy is an gain of vitamin C intake. Scurvy is relatively rare in the modern era, thanks to widespread knowledge about the need for vitamin C, but it sometimes appears in malnourished individuals, infants, and the elderly.Early signs of scurvy include wear out and joint pain. If the condition is allowed to progress, a distinctive rash will develop on the legs, the mucus membranes will start to bleed, former fracture sites may come apart, and the patient will experience severe muscle weakness. The lack of vitamin C allows the connective tissues of the body to essentially pull apart, allowing blood to relief valve freely through the blood vessels, and causing long-term damage to the muscle s if the condition is not caught early. If vitamin C an individual intakes too much vitamin C it can result in stomach pain, diarrhea and flatulence.9As humans cannot synthesize Vitamin C in their own bodies, there have a great need for dietary supplements of it. Although, good sources of vitamin C are fresh fruits and vegetables, especially citrus fruits. Vitamin C can also be made in a laboratory most experts recommend getting vitamin C from a diet high school in fruits and vegetables rather than taking supplements. Vitamin c supplements are sound for treatment and prevention of vitamin C deficiency, including scurvy, also these supplements are likely to be effective for improving the way the body absorbs iron and treating a disease called tyrosinemia in newborns when given as an injection.2Vitamin C is safe for most sight when taken by mouth in recommended doses or when applied to the skin. In some people, vitamin C might cause nausea, vomiting, heartburn, stomach cramps, head ache, and other side effects. The chance of getting these side effects increases the much vitamin C you take. Amounts high than 2000 mg per day are at risk and may cause side effects, including kidney rock musics and severe diarrhea. In people who have had a kidney stone, amounts greater than 1000 mg per day greatly increase the risk of kidney stone recurrence.3Vitamin C functions as an antioxidant and as a coenzyme. Molecules called free radicals are make during normal cell metabolism. Free radicals cause damage by reacting with fats and proteins in cell membranes and genetic material. This process is called oxidisation. Antioxidants like vitamin C are compounds that obligate themselves to free radicals so that it is impossible for the free radical to react with, or oxidize, other molecules.During the manufacturing stage of processing Orange juice manufacture add extra vitamin C into the gas in order for the orange juice to deterio point less than usual, this is also so the orange juice content abides with the label that is processed onto the packaging, this same label also states requirements after possibleness the juice in order when to store the juice and at what temperature. If rancid statements are given on the label the manufacture can facial expression serious consequences. and so, the aim of this experiment is to investigate what environmental factors cause the enjoin of vitamin c to deteriorate quicker, with variable conditions being oxygen exposure, different temperatures and also oxidization. Our hypothesis is that the get on temperature would lose vitamin c red-hot over collectible to the factors of temperature oxidization.Materials2L cornerstone brand orange juice6 x250ml beakers9xPipettes18x Test tubes3xTest tube flashsglad wrappaperpensticky takeIndophenol solution 0.1%2xWatch glass1x scalpelMethod AAll materials were gatheredEach beaker was designated a recite(1-6) which is compose on a piece of paper and stuck to beaker us ing sticky tapeThe beakers are because(prenominal) put in pairs (1-2,3-4,5-6)Each beaker pair is then designated to an area room temperature (25degrees-37degrees), fridge (3 degrees) and freezer (-5 degrees) this is also written on the paper attached to beaker230mL of home brand orange juice was then cautiously poured into each beakerEach beaker was then tested with indophenol to find precedent (refer to method B)In each designated area (room temperature, fridge or freezer) one beaker was chosen to be covered with glad wrap making the still unable to breathe.Each beaker was then placed in designated area and expire juices for one weekGathered 18x test tubes 3x test tube rack and 9xpepits and 2x watch glasses 1x scalpelGathered all samples of juice and placed on designated safe work benchObserved any noticeable changes (smells, colours, molds kingdom Fungi) and put mickle in log book15 drops of indophenol was put into each test tube using a pipetUsing a pipette orange juice was carefully added to the indophenol solution each drop was carefully counted and swirled after each drop until a colour changed occurred.Recorded how legion(predicate) drops in each test tube along with what designated area and covered or non-coveredRetested each beaker once a week by restate steps 9-12On Microsoft excel, each week data was entered in, and created a table format, with the headings, which test it was 1-6, average and standard error, with each weeks tests results (number of drops) being put under(a) the headings 1-6 and also what it was and where (fridge unveil.) This was done each week and a line represent was madeMethod B- establishing standardPlaced 15 drops of indophenol solution into a test tubeAdded 0.1% ascorbic acid solution, one drop at a time, into the indophenol. Counted the drops added.Swirled the test tube after each drop was addedContinued until the indophenol becomes colourlessWhat was the total number drops of 0.1% ascorbic acid solution requir ed to decolorize the indophenol solution.Results graph no. 3- Abscorbic Acid Standard icon 1 calendar week 1 Beakers with labelsPhoto 2 Week 2- Mold and fungous organisms present on roomtemperature coveredPhoto 3 Week 3- Obvious colour change in beaker 4, water vaporpresent on beaker 3 and beaker 2 significant dehydrationPhoto 4Photo 5 Week 4- Change of colour in beaker 3 and 4 evaporation in beaker 2Photo 6 5- Obvious colour change and evaporation in beaker 1 2Photo 7 Week 6-Photo 8 Week 6- Fungal organisms in room temperature beakersPhoto 9 Week 6- Fungal organism found in beaker 3 room temperature coveredfridge coveredfridge exposed fashion temp coveredRoom temp uncoveredFreezer coveredFreezer uncoveredIt is highly evident that the main trends throughout this experiment areThe higher(prenominal)(prenominal) the temperature the increase in level of evaporationThe uncovered samples above freeze dis contend much higher level of evaporation compared to covered samplesThe freezi ng samples displayed same amount of evaporation for covered and uncoveredOrange juice becomes more(prenominal) intense over the content of 6 weeks due to evaporationFungal organisms increase the vitamin c contentEvaporation played a major part in this experiment. Evaporation is the process of liquid turning into gas by mechanisms such as the fastest touching molecules at the surface of the liquid have enough energy to start the cute bonds with other molecules. They then get down the surface of the substances. Since at higher temperatures the molecules have more kinetic energy, more of them are likely to escape and so evaporation occurs more quickly at higher temperatures. The rate of evaporation is higher due to factors such as increased temperatures, high humidity and wind exposure. 15,16,17Oxidization is a common form of chemical reaction which is the combining of oxygen with various elements and compounds oxidisation also transfers enthalpy atoms or electrons from one mole cule to another. Oxidization is a reaction in which the atoms in an element lose electrons and the valence of the element is correspondingly increased. .12, 14Oxygen, the most plentiful element on earth, combines readily with numerous other elements. When unite with other elements in a compound or molecule, oxygen oft is an electron hog. It takes electrons away from many other elements and this oxidizes them. The oxygen takes the negatively aerated electrons and becomes a negatively charged ion. The oxygen has been reduced. However without certain factors touch on the rate of oxidization, it can be reduced quiet importantly.12,13,14A number of factors affect the oxidation rate, including temperature, pressure, crystal orientation, oxygen source (oxygen or water) and scoria doping. Oxide growth rate is very sensitive to temperature, because the oxygen diffusion rate in silicon dioxide is exponentially related with temperature, increase temperature can significantly increase the ox ide growth. Oxide growth rate is also related to the oxygen source. Dry oxidation with O2 has a lower oxide growth rate than wet oxidation with H2O. This is because the diffusion rate of the oxygen molecule O2 in silicon dioxide is lower than that of hydroxide HO generated from the dissociation of H2O molecules at high temperature. Therefore the wet oxidation process is preferred to grow dim oxide layers. 13,14fungus kingdom are classified at heart their own kingdom The Kingdom fungus kingdom, piece some are in the Kingdom Protista. A fungus is similar to a plant, but it has no chlorophyll and cannot make its own feed like a plant can through photosynthesis. They get their food by absorbing nutrients from their surroundings. The kingdom includes the yeasts, molds, smuts, and mushrooms. kingdom fungus kingdom must take in food materials synthesized by other organisms due to the absence of chlorophyll the fungus kingdom cannot photosynthesize their food from simple substances. Saprophytic fungi derive food from dead and decaying materials. 18,19,20Fungi exist in various habitats, including deep down in the ocean, lakes, rocks, deserts, very salty environments, and areas of extremely high or low temperatures. However, factors such as temperature, water and fall all affect the rate of fungal organisms growing. Fungi grow best in warm temperatures. Various species of fungi do grow better at warm temperatures moreover, there are a number of fungal organisms that thrive in very high temperatures of and a few(prenominal) that will thrive in very low temperatures below freezing. 18,19,20Fungi need lots of water to grow. For most fungi this is true. This is why fungi are more of a problem in the tropics than in temperate areas of the world. Personal property that is normally safe from fungi, such as clothing and shoes, can be damaged in the tropics. However, some fungi can grow in very dry conditions. At the other extreme, there are also fungi that can live un der water. Also, fungi can only grow in the dark. For the most part, light does not play a role in how well fungi grow. 18,19,20It is evident in the results that the higher the temperature the increased level of evaporation, by viewing the outcome in the evaporation graph it can be seen that the fridge uncovered sample evaporated 7x more than the freezer sample and the room temperature uncovered evaporated 14x more than the freezer samples. This is due to the higher temperatures in the room which increases the exploit of molecules at the surfaces of the orange juice resulting in the molecules having enough energy to finish the attractive bonds with other molecules, resulting in the molecules escaping the surface of the substance, and escaping into the air as water vapor.It was apparent that room temperature uncovered sample (25-37degrees) had evaporated the most. The reason being that, this beaker was in direct sunlight, increasing the temperature and the juice temperature was in creased over the other samples. This is due to the fact the molecules of a warmer liquid (room temperature) are vibrating more oftentimes and with more energy than in a cool liquid(freezer). The added energy of heat therefore makes it easier for a given molecule to escape the liquid.Oxidization squeeze the results significantly as the uncovered samples above freezing displayed much higher evaporation compared to covered samples. This is due the samples of uncovered beakers easier being able to defy more oxygen this is because the oxide growth rate growing process grows thick oxide layers within a wet or damp area. Also, the juice was subject to higher temperatures, this was because there was no layer in between the gas, to the orange juice, it is apparent that through our data the higher the temperature increases significant oxide growth.It was demonstrated that at freezing both evaporation and oxidization had minimal affect on the samples. On the evaporation graph it is evident that there was minimal evaporation within the both freezing samples. Both freezing samples evaporated approximately 10ml over the duration of 6 weeks. This is because the freezer temperature being at -10 degrees it would have slowed down the process of evaporation due to the fact the molecules would have been moving drawn-out than usual and it would have had insufficient energy amount to break the attractive bonds with other molecules. Making the substance unable to escape from the liquid. At freezing it is evident there is little kinetic energy within the sample resulting in almost no evaporation and zero oxidization as both the covered and uncovered samples returned the same result.It was evident through our data that the ascorbic acid content changed dramatically over time. The orange juice became more intense over the content of 6 weeks, with each sample ascorbic levels increasing or staying the same. This is evident in the change in % ascorbic acid content over time.Over the d uration of 6 weeks it was evident due to the results that via, oxidation and evaporation the juices became more intense with vitamin c. Not only was it oxidation and evaporation, but it also includes fungal growth. Fungal growth played a major part in the room temperature samples. Over the duration of this experiment fungal growth was observed, root sighted in week two. From the data our results showed, fungal organisms and bacteria increase the levels of vitamin c. Fungal organisms thrive in warmer conditions and of take out moister this is evident in the way the fungal organisms only grew in the room temperature samples. In the warmer climate the bacteria and fungi reproduce faster and more frequent, this would increase the growth of fungal organisms within the room temperature samples.22 Kambucha afternoon tea is an example where fungal organisms secrete vitamin c into the drink, the drink is known as the miracle fungus. Kambucha tea relates to this experiment and the orange j uice because, they both have vitamin c being produced into the liquid via, fungal organisms.Our hypothesis was that room temperature would lose vitamin c the fastest, from the data and results that were produced, it is evident that the room temperature samples within the first 1-3 weeks dropped significantly, however, in week 3 there was a sudden change to the results and both room temperature samples started increasing in vitamin c content. Therefore our statement was correct for the first 1-3 weeks and then deemed incorrect for the final results of this experiment.In conclusion, the major outcomes of this experiment are that evaporation, oxidization, and fungal organisms are all different factors that have affected the orange juice deterioration process. Temperatures and oxygen exposure also played a large role throughout this experiment. In doing this experiment again in the future, more research and prior background knowledge would have been benefited. Also, having more temperat ure variables would increase the data and would help in order to broaden this experiment.The pen would like to acknowledge Katy Ollard and Maddison Hoffman in working well as a team and helping each other in order to increase background knowledge. As well as Mr. Fesuk, in helping in providing background knowledge about vitamin c and kambucha tea and helping within the practical side as well.

Anorexia Nervosa: Symptoms, Treatment and Impact

Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms, Treatment and Impactcirculatory system is made up of the vessels and the muscles that help and control the f mortified of the slant rough the body. Blood contains antigens and antibodies to protect us from infectious and non-infectious diseases which c in alled the immune system. Whenever antigen and antibody interlock, the antibody marks the antigen for destruction.E truly unitary would ask to harbour the ideal body. They depart do e verything so that their bodies could be un big(a)erated blueprint, especially female. Approximately 95% of those bear upon by anorexia be female, save males locoweed develop the inconvenience as salubrious. Anorexia nervosa is a non-infectious disease. Anorexia nervosa or unremarkably called anorexia is an eating disorder or loss of desire for food (appetite). When deal pee this disease, they are called to be anorexic.The process of too much limit the amount of food into the body is likely to result a indi vidual experiencing anorexia. People with anorexia nervosa behave to be very high achievers, performing very well in legion(predicate) activities. Professionals for instance athletes, model or whiz are easy got anorexic, because of their professional requirement. Anorexia is aboutly resulted from whizz maintaining an extremely showtime load, and formed as a result of changes in ones behavior, emotions, thinking, perceptions, and affectionate interactions.When state called to be anorexic, they dont have any nutrition in their body and therefrom anorexias antigen could attack antibodies. When antibodies failed to keep anorexias antigens, our body will get tired, weak and opposite(a) symptoms of anorexia will occur. Even though there have been many anorexia cases, at the end of the millennium, quite a little health will be better and anorexics will decrease because of the technology improvement. This essay will discuss the causes, symptoms, interruption methods, and ha ndling methods to fightds anorexia disease.Anorexia is a very dangerous disease because it is happening in all over the gentlemans gentleman. A record has been made in 2004 by world health organization statistical information system to prove how destructive is this eating disorder. There are approximately 20 countries counted for the people remnant caused by anorexics. Below is the diagram of the record.Anorexics might cause by having degraded relationships or cosmos teased or so their size or weight at their onetime(prenominal). When macrocosm teased, person felt of not good comme il faut, low self-esteem, and even anger. Thus this will affects their social life. According to a olfactory perception suggests that a combination of certain(p) individual(prenominal)ity traits, emotions and thinking patterns, as well as cultural and environmental factors might be responsible.People who have anorexia are behaving to deny that they have a chore. Due to people with anorexia a good deal hide their condition symptoms are not easy to see. But as time goes by, as anorexia progresses symptoms whitethorn be seen and its start to be onerous for them to deny. The symptoms areAnorexics read food labels to measures and weighs the calories of the food that they will eat.Anorexics will mask that they had eaten before when someone ask them to or throw the food away.They command with food. By collecting recipes, reading food magazines or cooking for friends may make other think that they are practice and forgotten rough their previous thought of (he/she) getting anorexia.Anorexics will cut food into menial pieces and chewing every bite a certain number of measure.The affected person uses various methods such as vomiting or cathartic abuse to prevent weight gain.Most individuals with anorexia nervosa do not actualise that they have an eating disorder. And usually hide their feelings, thoughts, intentions and actions from other people (secretive).They ma y easily get tired, weak, and most(prenominal)(prenominal) of the time dizzy because of low blood pressure. Have purplish skin color on their arms and legs from woeful blood flow. They alike happen to have yellow skin and dry mouth. Patient of anorexia nervosa are easily getting confused and slow thinking. non all of cases involving this type of non-infectious disease can be prevented. Despite that, there may be some ways to be done to prevent some cases to happen. What can be done are teaching and further healthy eating habits and realistic attitudes about food and body range of mountains to people that are suspected might experience anorexia. The role of parents in a family is as well as important. In particular, mothers should create a healthy life style in order to show her children how important to consume particular amount of food, and fathers should not criticize too much on his children body set and weight. In addition, parents should promote a healthy and supportin g environment for their children. On the other hand, the media can also be used to promote healthier lifestyle. It must represent the society, as the basic characteristic of an individual is that they may tend to follow others lifestyle. The media can also display programs that are created to prevent eating disorder.Many of anorexics died before they could get a well sermon. Anorexics that are in a very underweight condition, must be interact carefully, or hospitalized. After anorexics get the medical treatment, they need to get mental counseling in order for them learn about healthy foods and lifestyle. The psychological counseling may take ons nutritional counseling, individual counseling and group counseling. nutritionary counseling will teaches anorexics to count calories of body needed in loose method. And to help with weight gain, doctors usually use liquid food supplements. Anorexics may also need some therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or cognise as CBT i n the individual counseling. CBT teachers will help anorexics to change their attitudes and behaviors about eating. Group counseling is also needed for anorexics, to share their experiences and to encourage their friends (who also experience anorexia) to recover. Family therapy is very helpful, especially for teen with anorexics. Parents and siblings could support the anorexics during treatment emotionally and tangiblely. Another effort to help anorexics recover is by letting them expressing their feelings and doing something pleasant for them for instance doing their hobbies. Then, doing relaxation is also important. By having yoga, massage and the traditional Chinese relaxation exercises will build a healthy relationship with their body.BibliographyThinkQuest, ThinkQuest. Circulatory System. 30-11-09 .National Cancer Institute, USA, National Cancer Institute, USA . Antigens and Antibodies. 29-12-09 .Stoppler, Melissa. Anorexia nervosa. medecinenet.com. 29-11-09 .ehealthMD, eheal thMD. Anorexia nervosa. 30-11-09.NationMaster.com, NationMaster.com. Mortality Statistics eating disorders (most recent) by country . 1-12-09 .Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic. Anorexia nervosa. 1-11-09 . drop-off and fretting in old(a) Adults companionship GapsDepression and Anxiety in Older Adults Knowledge GapsDepression and Anxiety in Older AdultsAre there gaps in current fellowship regarding diagnosis and treatment?IntroductionMental health difficultys in former(a) adults can cause a massive social blow, often livery about poor quality of life, isolation and exclusion. Depression is one of the most debilitating mental health disorders worldwide, affecting approximately 7% of the gray community (Global wellness Data Exchange, 2010). Despite this, it is also one of the most underdiagnosed and undertreated conditions in the primary care setting. Even with estimates of approximately 25% of over 65s living in the community having depressive symptoms severe enough to wa rrant medical intervention, totally one third discuss their symptoms with their GP. Of those that do, only 50% receive treatment as symptoms of notion within this cosmos often coincide with other later life problems ( IAPT, 2009 World health Organisation (WHO), 2004).Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 Depression and Anxiety in quondam(a) adultsMany misconceptions surround ageing including the fact that belief is a normal part of the ageing process. Actual evidence proves that other physical health issues often supersede the presentation of depressive symptoms in sr. adults which may suggest that the developing of clinical belief is influenced by deteriorating physical health (Baldwin, 2008 Baldwin et al, 2002). Depression may present differently in sr. adults in resemblance to adolescents or even working age adults. Although the same disorder may be present throughout different stages of the lifespan, in fourth-year adults certain symptoms of depression may be accentuated , such as somatic or psychotic symptoms and memory complaints, or suppressed, such as the feelings of sadness, in comparability to younger people with the same disorder (Baldwin, 2008 Chiu, Tam Chiu, 2008). OConnor et al (2001) carried out a study into the influence of age on the solution of major depression to electroconvulsive therapy and found that when confounding variables are controlled (age at the offset of a study), there is no difference in the remission grade for depression in both younger and honest-to-goodness adults, however, relapse range remain higher for older adults. Backing this up, Brodaty et al (1993) conducted a qualitative naturalistic study into the prognosis of depression in older adults in coincidence to younger adults and again confirmed that the prognosis and remission for depression in older adults is not significantly worse than for younger adults. However, the rigor of a qualitative naturalistic study is argued by proponents as being value-laden in nature, while criticisms of this study approach highlight it as being subjective, anecdotal and subject to investigateer bias (Koch, 2006).In addition to depression, disquiet disorders are also super C among older adults, often presenting as a comorbid condition. In 2007, 2.28 million people were diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder in the UK, with 13% of those individuals aged 65 and over. By 2026, the projected number of people diagnosed with an anxiety disorder is expected to rise by 12.7% to 2.56 million with the superior increase expected to be seen in the older adult population (Kings Fund, 2008). Despite the prevalence rate, anxiety is poorly researched in comparison to other psychiatric disorders in older people (Wetherell et al, 2005). Of the anxiety disorders, psychoneurotic disorders and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) are the two most common in older people (Bryant et al, 2008). It wasnt until 1980 that the American Psychiatric familiarity (APA) published the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 3rd pas seul which introduced Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) into the psychiatric nomenclature, distinguishing it from other anxiety disorders for the root time (APA, 1980). MCManus et al (2009) estimate that in England alone, as many as 4.4% of people suffer with GAD with prevalence rates between 1.2 and 2.5 times higher for women than men (Prajapati, 2012).Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) continues to gain increased lore and has received more clinical interest lately, correlating with individuals from the Second World War, final solution and Vietnam Veterans reaching or being well into old age. Despite this, information relating to prevalence rates still remains limited with research assistance to focus on specific populations as opposed to community figures, for example, with regards to UK war veterans, approximately 30% will develop PTSD (pickingupthepieces.org.au, 2014). Unfortunately, stigma tends t o keep in line PTSD statistics as sufferers tend not to seek diagnosis or researcher bias is present. Britt (2000) found that many work personal within the military stated that admitting to a mental health problem was not only more stigmatising that admitting to a physical health problem but they also believed it would have a more detrimental impact on their career prospects. Furthermore, Mueller (2009) conducted a study into disclosure attitudes in which it was reason out that these attitudes can strongly predict symptom severity. With this in mind, it is important to accentuate the importance of practicing within the limits of NMC (2008) code of conduct in which unconditional exacting regard must be shown by all nursing cater whilst incorporating a non-bias attitude in practice.Anxiety and depression comorbidity is well established. A farseeingitudinal study, noted for its beneficial adaptability in enabling the researcher to look at changes over time, conducted by Balkom e t al (2000) found that in a random community warning of adults (55 and older), who were diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder, 13% also met the criteria of major depressive disorder (MDD). Adding weight to the evidence of anxiety and depression comorbidity in older adults, Schaub (2000) who also conducted a capaciousitudinal study, found that 29.4% of a sample of older adults in a German community diagnosed with an anxiety disorder also met the criteria for a depressive disorder. spaciousitudinal studies are thought to vary in their validity due to the attrition of randomly assigned participants during the course of the study, thereof producing a final sample that is not a true standard of the population sampled (Rivet-Amico, 2009).King-Kallimanis, Gum and Kohn (2009) examined current and lifetime comorbidity of anxiety with depression. Within a 12 month period they found 51.8% of older adults with MDD in the joined States also met the diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disor der. There is evidence to suggest that the starting presentation of anxiety symptoms in older adults suggests an underlying depressive disorder (Chiu et al, 2008). Unfortunately, comorbid anxiety and depression in older adults is associated with much higher risks of suicidal symptoms (Bartels et al, 2002 Lenze et al, 2000) in addition to increased says of more severe psychiatric and somatic symptoms and poorer social functioning when compared to depression alone (Lenze et al, 2000 Schoevers et al, 2003).2.2 Diagnosis and Screening ToolsThe U.S. healthful operate Task Force (USPSTF) (2009) states that cover charge for depression and anxiety in older adults allows GPs and mental health practitioners to look for these conditions despite the service user not reporting the symptoms. However, recommendations on the use of screening tools should be limited to service where there are adequate systems in place to refer service users on for in-depth assessment and treatment as screening without adequate treatment and follow-up is highly ineffective as highlighted by OConner (2009) and USPSTF (2009) in separate research reexaminations. Snowden et al (2009) further stipulates that screening should only be carried out in appropriate settings using approved depression screening tools designed specifically for older adults. Some of these specific screening tools include the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the 2 item and 9-item Patient health Questionnaire (PHQ-2 /PHQ-9). It is necessary to be mindful of the fact that screening tools are not diagnostic assessments, they merely identify the likelihood of someone have depression/anxiety (Snowden et al, 2009) and should be used in conjunction with a clinical examination to aid diagnosis (Chie et al, 2008).The self-administered Geriatric Depression Scale is the most wide accepted screening tool for depression in older adults, first developed by Yesavage et al in 1983. It is available in both a long form and short form . The long form consists of a 30-item questionnaire, which asks the older adult to answer yes or no to specific questions in reference to how they have been feeling over the past week. The shorter form (see appendix 1) was developed in 1986 following validation studies of the long form and takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. This is often the more commensurate screening tool as it can be more easily used by individuals who are physically unwell and those suffering from small to moderate cognitive impairments such as dementia who may have relatively short concentration spans. It comprises of 15 specific questions from the long form that generated the highest association with depressive symptoms. Scores of 0-4 on the GDS short form are considered normal 5-8 indicate mild depression 9-11 indicate moderate depression and 12-15 indicate severe depression (Yesavage et al, 1983 1986).The GDS have proven to a highly honest and valid screening tool. One study carried out by Paradel a et al (2005) found that the GDS had 81% sensibility and 71% specificity when evaluated against diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV. In a validation study completed Sheikh and Yesavage (1986) comparing the GDS Long and Short Forms, both were successful in distinguishing dispirit from non-depressed older adults with a high correlation.Within the NHS, several screening tools are more widely used than the GDS. These include the PHQ-9 (Spitzer et al, 1999), PHQ-2 (see appendix 2) (Kroenke et al, 2003) and Whooley questions (see appendix 3) (Whooley et al, 1997). Both the PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 use a psychometric Likert scale format while the Whooley questions uses simple yes/no answers.The PHQ-2 and Whooley questions die into the category of ultra-short questionnaires comprising of as little as ternion, two or one single detection questions. Despite the use of these ultra-short questionnaires being used in practice, evidence from Mitchell and Coyne (2007) suggests that one-question screenin g tools identify as little as one third of patients with depression making them unacceptable and unreliable screening tools if only if relied upon. Despite this, there is still support for the use of two and three question screening tools, specifically the PHQ-2 which has been found to identify as many as 80% of individuals with depression in primary care settings (Ross, 2010 Mitchell and Coyne, 2007). As with all good practice, caution should be used when utilising these screening tools are they can present false-positive results (Mitchell and Coyne, 2007).By comparison, the PHQ-9 is a self-administered 9-item questionnaire aimed at the detection of depression (Kroenke et al, 2001). It value within mental health screening is well know due to the robust evidence surrounding it validity and excellent levels of sensitivity (91.7%) and specificity (78.3%) (Kroenke et al, 2010).Chapter 3 Application to Nursing PracticeDementia, along with depression and other priority mental disorders are included in the WHO Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP). This programme aims to improve care for mental, neurologic and substance use disorders through providing guidance and tools to develop health function in resource poor areas.Synthesis and utilization of empirical research is an important aspect of evidence-based care. Only within the context of the holistic assessment, can the highest quality of care be achieved.ReferencesBaldwin, R., Chiu, E., Katona, C., and Graham, N. 2002. courselines on depression in older people Practising the evidence. London Martin Dunitz Ltd.Baldwin, R. 2008. Mood disorders depressive disorders. In Jacob R et al, Oxford Textbook of Older Age psychopathology. Oxford Oxford University Press.Balkom, V., Beekman , A., de Beurs, E., et al. Comorbidity of the anxiety disorders in a community-based older population in the Netherlands Online. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 101(-). Pp 3745. Available at https//www-swetswise-com.abc.cardiff.ac.uk /FullTextProxy/swproxy?url=http//onlinelibrary.wiley.coc/resolve/doi/pdf?inside=10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.101001037.xts=1409279416128cs=1533436201userName=0000884.ipdireciemCondId=884articleID=25446758yevoID=1585273titleID=2498remoteAddr=131.251.137.64hostType=PRO Accessed 29th swaggering 2014.Bartels, S., Coakley, E., Oxman, T., et al. 2002. Suicidal and death ideation in older primary care patients with depression, anxiety, and at-risk alcohol use. American Journal of Psychiatry.159(10) pp.417427.Brodaty, H., Harris, L., Peters, K., Wilhelm, K., Hickie, I., Boyce, P., Mitchell, P., Parker, G., and Eyers, K. 1993. Prognosis of depression in the elderly. A comparison with younger patients Online. The British Journal of Psychiatry 163(-) pp589-596. Available at http//bjp.rcpsych.org/content/163/5/589BIBL Accessed 27th August 2014.Chiu, H., Tam,W., and Chiu, E. 2008. WPA educational program on depressivedisorders Depressive disorders in older persons. World Psychiatric tie-in (WPA).K ings Fund. 2008. Paying the price The cost of mental health care in England to 2026 Online. London Kings Fund. Available at http//www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/files/kf/Paying-the-Price-the-cost-of-mental-health-care-England-2026-McCrone-Dhanasiri-Patel-Knapp-Lawton-Smith-Kings-Fund-May-2008_0.pdf Accessed 17th August 2014.Koch, T. 2006. Establishing rigour in qualitative research the finding trail. Journal of Advanced Nursing 53(1) pp. 91-100Lenze, E., Mulsant, B., Shear M, et al. 2000. Comorbid anxiety disorders in depressed elderly patients Online. American Journal of Psychiatry. 157(-) pp.722728. Available at http//ajp.psychiatryonline.org.abc.cardiff.ac.uk/data/Journals/AJP/3712/722.pdf?resultClick=3 Accessed 29th August 2014.OConner, A. 2009. Screening for depression in adult patients in primary care settings a systematic evidence review Online. Annals of Internal care for. 151(11). Pp.784-793. Available at http//annals.org.abc.cardiff.ac.uk/article.aspx?articleid=745314resultC lick=3 Accessed 22nd August 2014.OConnor, M., Knapp, R., Husain, M., et al. 2001. The influence of age on the response of major depression to electroconvulsive therapy a CORE report. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 9(-) pp. 382390Rivet-Amico, K. 2009. Percent correspond Attrition A Poor Metric for translate Rigor in Hosted Intervention Designs Online. American Journal of Public Health 99(9) pp 1567-1575. Available at http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2724469/ Accessed 22nd August 2014.Schaub, R., Linden, M. 2000. Anxiety and anxiety disorders in the old and very oldresults from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE) Online. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 41(-) pp 4854. Available at http//ac.els-cdn.com.abc.cardiff.ac.uk/S0010440X00800085/1-s2.0-S0010440X00800085-main.pdf?_tid=25fb884e-2f25-11e4-ae4a-00000aab0f6bacdnat=1409279912_0012d28347b6791e31a8b5199f3daaa1 Accessed 29th August 2014.Schoevers, R., Beekman, A., Deeg, D., et al. 2003. The natural history of late-life depres sion results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL) Online. Journal of Affective Disorders.76(1) pp 514. Available at http//ac.els-cdn.com.abc.cardiff.ac.uk/S0165032702000605/1-s2.0-S0165032702000605-main.pdf?_tid=1814aa80-2f34-11e4-a381-00000aab0f27acdnat=1409286331_4cb7efb58af9c004b37dc4825f8831d5 Accessed nineteenth August 2014.Sheikh, J., and Yesavage, A. 1986. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. In T.L. Brink (Ed.), Clinical Gerontology A Guide to Assessment and Intervention .pp. 165-173. New York The Haworth Press.Snowden, M., Steinman, L., Frederick, J., and Wilson, N. 2009. Screening for depression in older adults recommended instruments and considerations for community-based practice Online Clinical Geriatrics. 17(9). Pp 26-32. Available at http//www.consultant360.com/articles/screening-depression-older-adults-recommended-instruments-and-considerations-community Accessed 19th August 2014.USPSTF. 2009. U.S. Preven tive Services Task Force. Screening for depression in adults U.S. preventive serve task force recommendation statement Online. Annals of Internal Medicine 151 (11). Pp 784-792. Available at http//annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=745304 Accessed 19th August 2014.Yesavage, A., Brink, L., Rose, L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., and Leirer, O. 1983. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale A preliminary report Online. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1). pp 37-49. Available at http//ac.els-cdn.com.abc.cardiff.ac.uk/0022395682900334/1-s2.0-0022395682900334-main.pdf?_tid=3e351376-2f84-11e4-80c4-00000aab0f02acdnat=1409320755_7707825345e33994a5a5539c953dac90 Accessed 29th August 2014.cecal appendage 1.

Does the Market System Best Allocate Resources?

Does the Market System Best Allocate mental imagerys?In calculate to accurately examine the belief that the food grocery store strategy best onlyocates choices and encourages positive investing clime we essential look at the functioning of the foodstuff governance, preference parcelling and the criterion inwardly a positive investiture climate.A Market System is a system where buyers and sellers interact without the intervention of regime regulations. Inherent in this system is the concept that sellers want to gain utter more or less harm for the neat enoughs, services and resources offered and buyers want to receive value for the execrableest price. The par on the wholeelism of this relationship entices ultimately to the market equilibrium price. However, important to none in this system is that all reckons external to the Market pee-pee no prepargon on this relationship that is governance regulations or policies. Resources are in that respectfore strictly deald to the avocation of those goods which give the sellers maximal return and correspondingly give the consumers the maximum satisfaction of their wants at a market price.Within the Market system resource allocation is heavily dependent on the variations of the price of the resources themselves. harm acts as an exp whiznt to both the consumers and the sellers within the market (Price Signals as Guides for Resource Allocation, Anon, n.d.)To be explicit given accurate price information the sellers volition engage lavishly priced remarkable raw materials, (e.g copper market) or resources to generate goods of high value. Likewise only those consumers who see benefit in go through with(predicate) with(predicate) those higher valued goods go out demand them therefore achieving balance within the system. Similarly where the price of a readily usable resource is down(p) it will be allocated by the resource users for use to produced goods in a brokener valued ti er and consumer behavior will to a fault react accordingly.To summarize, the shifts in the price of mysteriously owned resources within a renounce market conclusions from the shifts in the demand and summate of the resource i.e. capital, labor, raw material. This is believed to lead in turn to efficient resource allocation by the resource owners through(Expanding the supply) Reallocating resources to the work of high priced goods.(Contracting supply) Reallocating resources away from the convergenceion of low priced goods.Reallocating resources to production of goods in high demand by consumers in order fasten on excess demand.Reallocating resources away from the production of goods in low demand in order to absorb excess supply. in that respectfore efficient allocation of unique resources is based on private consumption, production decisions or a combination of both at the market equilibrium price.The investment climate itself is placed by several factors which affect th e investment choices, opportunities and the resultant benefits gained by a debauched or investor. A good investment climate encourages cleverness and productivity in order to add profits and therefore affix capital available for investment (investment funds Climate, Anon, n.d.). We must recall that the market system itself encourages producers to allocate resources much(prenominal) that they are put to use where there will be no wastage at the market price i.e. Pareto optimal allocation (Griffiths and Wall 2008 p. 212). Therefore we piece of tail learn that the market system fosters qualification within the business environment through full utilization of investment capital, machinery and labor. Essentially this indicates that the market system encourages a positive investment climate.It can be said that the creation of conflict and market blowup is an indicator of a positive investment climate. As established, the market system is such that, where opportunities exists for both expansion into unsanded markets or producer output to be change magnitude, the private owner of the resources will act in response . For model, all things being equal, increased consumer demand for natural gas converted cars in Trinidad and Tobago would lead to increased production of scarce natural gas and juvenile suppliers followed by increased job opportunities.From our examination of the market system and scarce resource allocation within it we agree seen why it is believed by almost that the market system is the best mechanism for allocating scarce resource. This is justified through accurate market price signals and the resultant efficiencies created and the positive effects these have on the investment climate.Bibliographyhttp//livingstintings.org/article.asp?docId=232http//www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpdc=dspk= vestal+market+ sparingReferenceshttp//www.investopedia.com/ name/i/investmentclimate.aspPURE MARKET ECONOMY, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, ht tp//www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2010. Accessed November 10, 2010.746Q.2Why do many flock believe that not everything can be odd to the melt market, but that organizations also have a use to play in encouraging a positive investment climate? Explain your reasoning.In order to explore why virtually may believe that everything cannot be left up to the free market but government has a role to play in fostering a positive investment climate we must first look at what constitutes a good investment climate.The valet de chambre situate Report (2005) declared that a good investment climate is not i only centered on profit generation but one which cultivates benefits to union as a whole. Taking into consideration the free market system and its characteristics it is established that in this system existsPrivate ownership of the scarce resources.The private needs and wants and or production decisions influence the allocation of scarce resources.Profit maximization as pick o ut of producers.That is to say the free market system does not factor in the needs of partnership in pricing or scattering of scarce resources. The market system is such that scarce resources are allocated to the production of those goods whose market price yields maximum gain. However, in the production of these goods in the pure market system will to certain effects. These effects are cognise as Externalities. It is known that externalities exit when stinting decisions create costs (negatives) and benefits for people other than the decision taker (Griffiths Wall, 2008). Externalities often lead misallocation of the scarce resources (Griffiths Wall, 2008, p. 35). These misallocations of scarce resources in the free market may occur whereThe social benefit of production is not maximized as opposed to the private benefit of the production (profit maximising theatre).The social cost of production is less than the private cost.Where these situations are left unchecked, as will o ccur in a free market system, they will lead to over production and under production singly (Griffiths Wall, 2008, p.283 p.284). There are other ways in which the free market will lead to misallocations such as in the provision of humanity goods, These would not be produced by the market system since no private benefit would be gained. additionally where imperfect information exists within a market it can lead to misallocations (Griffiths Wall, 2008). This is especially important since the consumer and producers within a free market depend on information in order to allocate their resources i.e. capital. For example where a firm will make imitation claims about the high quality product which have not been support by a government agency, this will lead to consumers using this product based on these claims. This will in turn signal to producers to gain to higher production aims.The market system also has inherent failures for example natural monopolies and externalities. Whe re monopoliesWe must now consider what role the government plays in offsetting these inefficiencies and encouraging a good investment climate. As discussed previously a positive investment climate is one which considers the needs of the society. Therefore one important role the government plays in fostering this climate is in the provision of public goods, for example the police force for maintaining order in society. This also leads to trickle down benefits to the firm in terms of a stable society and deterrent to crime which is a cost to the firm (World Bank Report, 2005).The government can also hear to create opportunities for employment which is hallmark of a good investment climate. This may be make by providing incentives, financial or otherwise, to firms who introduce youth apprenticeship programs.The World Bank Report (2005) says that government has to control the markets through macro and micro economic constitution. This may occur specifically in the form of regulations and also taxation. weigh where an environmental tax is introduced for firms producing a product with a dangerous chemical substance byproduct. This passes on the true costs of production to the firm. These capital gains by government can then be reinvested into society. Whilst the free market may allocate resources it is important to remember this allocation is based on profits and price signals. The government must therefore control the direct factor markets to some extent to bring fairness and stability. This may be achieved through token(prenominal) wage legislation or controls on the trade union powers.As we have seen the free market system on its own will lead to inefficiencies and misallocation. If a positive investment climate is to be fostered the government must interject in the form of macro and micro economic policies. Ideally this intervention results in a duality of benefits to both the firm and the society in the form of expanded product and opportunity for all (Th e World Bank, 2005).Suggest some actual government policies that might be utilize in your country (name the country) to meliorate the investment climate. Explain your reasoning.The World Bank (2005) suggests that a good investment climate benefits society as a whole, not just firms. And it emb racecourses all firms, not just big or politically connected firms. The government plays a central role in furnishing the improvement of the investment climate through use of policies and regulations. let us examine some government policies that might be used in Trinidad and Tobago to facilitate the improvement of the investment climate.In Trinidad and Tobago there exists a problem within the land market of unregistered residential properties, with most residential properties being unregistered. As a result transactions within the property market have become an extremely complex and valuable process. This has resulted in a small supply of registered lands being available for purchase, as a consequence, property ownership and even rental in some cases, is only within the reach of the rich. I suggest that the Trinidad government subscribe to a housing constitution that promotes property ownership for all. Through fast programs of registration of title the supply lands readily available would increase direct market prices down. In so doing, in the medium to long unscramble this wouldRaise living archetypes by potentially placing wealth in the hand of all.Secure future property rights of citizens.Reinvigorate the stagnant financial market for loans.Potentially create thousands of jobs within the construction and trades heavenss.We must remember that the business environment must also benefit if an improved investment climate is to be realized. Therefore another(prenominal) policy that could be adopted is one of zero percent corporation tax for a fixed extremity for risingly incorporated firms within the manufacturing sector. This would result in creation of new firms, jobs and creation of new business opportunities within the capital market. Additionally, these incentives would lead to expansion of the manufacturing sector, and improvements in the trade deficit position. For the benefit of existing firms the government could also drastically reduce the tax on profits gained from exports as was do in India during the 80s (World Bank, 2005). This would lead to stimulation of the manufacturing sector, increase of the countrys GDP and investments in new technology to improve production efficiency.Trinidad and Tobago suffers from the plagued of crime and a painfully die away justice system. The social policy areas of crime and justice must be looked at urgently by the government in conjunction with the above stated policies. Through reform of the crime and justice policies, improvements in the Investment Climate will be seen and would be advantageous to both society and firms. It is known that crime places additional costs on firms through hiring of security department and losses from robberies (World Bank, 2005). Also the risk to investment associated with corruption poses a perpetual threat to investors, both opposed and local. Likewise crime affects the society as a whole corroding the investment climate. Therefore the policy should seek toFocus on shortening the process time for serious crimson crimes.Significantly increase the severity of punishment for violent crimes and public dispersal of information of such.Strengthen the anti corruption laws to reduce investment risks.There are numerous policy tools available to the government to intervene and improve the investment climate. The policies explored will improve the investment climate since both the firms and society will be benefactors.Q2. It is said that the main aims of macroeconomic policy are to achieve sustainable economic growth, a low rate of inflation, low unemployment and a balance of payments equilibriumFor ONE country of your choice (name the c ountry)a) get word to what extent these aims have been achieved over the last 10 yearsb) lead ONE of the aims and discuss the policies which the Government might use to achieve this aim over the next 10 yearsc) Recently it has been suggested that change magnitude the satisfaction of the population of the country should replace these 4 aims as the key heading of government policy. Discuss the difficulties the Government might encounter in exhausting to achieve this objective.a) The Trinidad and Tobago government, like most countries, intervenes into the working of its economy through the use of its macroeconomic policy. In order to assess their success over the recent 10 years in doing so, we must first look at what macroeconomic policy entails. Macroeconomic policy can be set forth broadly as the range of strategies used by a government to influence the workings of the economy or economic business cycle. traditionally a government can influence the macro environment of an e conomy through the use of fiscal and monetary policies. Fiscal policies are aimed at controlling government revenues and monetary policies are geared towards controlling the supply and demand for money (Griffiths Wall, 2008).Low inflation may be considered to occur where prices turf out steadily as oppose to gunpoints of high inflation where consumer prices rise sharply. During the last ten year period the Trinidad government to a full point failed to achieve low inflation order. Over the period 1999-2009 Trinidad and Tobago had varying rates of inflation as shown in Table 1.Trinidad and Tobago is often considered to have comparatively low inflation however during the period 2004 to 2005 it experienced a relatively sharp increase in consumer inflation. Thereafter a sharp increase in the price of consumer goods resulted. During this period the government adjusted its fiscal policy decreasing the tax base and increasing their expenditure on striking infrastructure projects. The periods that followed also showed increases in inflation in line with the increases in aggregate demand within the Trinidad and Tobago economy.During the last ten year period the government achieved relatively low unemployment figures primarily through the government control infrastructure program, community employment programs and investment in downstream heftiness projects. The government also sought to achieve balance of payments equilibrium through investments large manufacturing projects, increasing the availability of acreage for anele exploration and condensing of car imports market. Additionally they increased their savings base by crack bonds and financial instrument on the open market during the period.Trinidad and Tobago experienced attach economic growth over the last ten years, seen by the arranged yearly increase in the GDP. This can be attributed to the increase in foreign currency reserves from Oil and Gas exports. Also, from the supply side, the government s ought to expand the supply of labor through the tertiary level financial assistance programs. However sustainable growth is concerned not only with expansion of the economy but also with low inflationary growth and resource issues (Pettinger, 2008). In this regard, Trinidad have not been successful since there have been upward inflationary pressure in the economy join with lax environmental regulations during the period. In Addition to these facts the oil and gas reserves are being exhausted at a rapid rate though the One Horse economy.Trinidad and Tobago has done comparatively well in achieving the aims of macroeconomic policy. However, its success can be misleading since the government benefitted from windfalls from the oil and gas industry. Also the corresponding issues of growing inflation, resource exhaustion and environmental degradation still prevail.b) Sustainable economic growth can be thought to be manifest by the expansion of the Gross interior(prenominal) Product of a nation. However it is also thought to embarrass low inflationary growth and productive sustainability (Pettinger, 2008). In order for Trinidad and Tobago to achieve sustainable growth in the next ten years the government must look at the following policy initiatives1. Diversification of the economy by investing in the agricultural sector.2. Pursue the impudence of local sparing regularizes or Free trade to encourage investment in manufacturing to include removal of import duties on purchases of new capital equipment.Trinidad and Tobago has the climate, acreage and resources available for the expansion of its agricultural sector. The enhancement of this sector would lead to increases in exports, inflows of foreign currency and increases in the employment base. The improvement of this industry would also result in lower food prices resulting in lower consumer inflation (Sankar, 2010).The establishment of an economic zone would lead to increases in foreign direct investments and e conomies of denture for local producers who stand to benefit from foreign know how (World Bank Report, 2005, p.167). The government must also include tax breaks for exporters in the economic Zone which should encourage further investment.These initiatives when grouped would ensure sustainable economic growth in Trinidad in the next ten years since they would lead to increased exports, productive output and curb price inflation. Additionally the problem of resource exhaustion would be aided through diversification of the economy. From these facts it is conclusive to say that through a policy liberalization and expansion of the agriculture sector Trinidad can achieve sustainable economic growth in the next ten yearsc) Increasing the happiness of a people is purported to be able to replace the four aims of macroeconomic policy. It is often argued that by increasing happiness that output and national income will be increased whilst high unemployment and inflation will not occur.Veenhov en (2005) describes happiness as the personal entertainment one gains from his life as a whole. However, there exists no standard measure for the happiness of a nation. A government would first face a dilemma in choosing measures of happiness since it is a subjective topic. Additionally happiness has been seen to be relative such that measures of happiness may have to differ based on class or even race (Layard, 2005 cited by Griffiths and Wall, 2008, pp. 78, 79).It is important to remember that man has unlimited wants. Therefore it follows that another dilemma which would face governments with an objective of happiness is the utilization of scarce resources. are they to allocate resources to produce more luxury items?Happiness as a replacement for the aims of macroeconomic policy is a utopian ideology of new-fangled economists. The implementation of such an objective would call for massive shifts in thinking, policy and regulatory structure of the Trinidad government. These shift s call for long term planning which is evermore a problem for small emerging economies like Trinidad and Tobago. However the appraisal of happiness of the population is one that warrants further research.

Asphyxiation Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

Asphyxiation The Vancouver Sun later confirmed the events of that shadow cardinal hikers found two dead bodies at Camper brook on the West Coast Trail on the sixth of may 1998. The article didnt say who the hikers were, nor did it say who the dead Native Americans were, for what would the worldly concern do with those four meaningless names? None of the four was famous, beautiful, or rich alone normal people drawn together on one unwrapicular night. The encounter was determined by two fair factors the speed of the hikers along the soggy trail and the speed of leaking gas that kill two men in a patrol cabin. The hikers never knew the two indigenous people, except for what they wore that night, what booze they drank, and what side they slept on. And those simple details were just enough to make the dead bodies Human capable of joking, singing, fighting, and eating. So the choppy termination of these lives confused the hikers, for they werent sure what they should feel abou t the finish of two strangers. The hikers st atomic number 18d and stared at the bodies, perhaps popular opinion sadness for the friends, parents, and lovers of these men, but feeling only emptiness for the men themselves. They were just two more unidentified faces, frozen in their final dreams and nothing more than dead. I. Dididat NationsPeople take in lived on Vancouver Island since the last ice age, when the Bering Strait froze and allowed human passage from Asia to northwest America. The peace-loving Northwest tribes thrived for thousands of years in this rich ecosystem, where trees grow to much(prenominal) vast sizes that a hollow trunk may hold twenty dollar bill people without much trouble. For thousands of years, the forest remained a bountiful network of life moss and lichens crept over every tree... ...we found the bodies, yet the crashing blue-green water spins me into a reality that is worlds outside(a) from the sight of stiff men. Im not sure if this is mend or forgetfulness all I can be certain of is the ribaldry of the water on my skin and the dropping sun. I stare at my hand under the surface of the water, fascinated by how far away it looks and by the deep blue color of my fingernails. That hand isnt a part of my body, how can it be, it is deep in the water, opening and closing experimentally as water crashes on top of it. I want to leave it there, incessantly feeling the numbing water, forever fighting the currents that would wash it out to the Pacific Ocean. But then my arm moves, lifts my hand, and I realize it is mine, as are my legs and toes and wet matted hair. And the water keeps falling, pounding, rushing and I just bandstand there, staring, watching, waiting.

speech from FDR in our perspective :: essays research papers

F.D.R. Speech Announcer We interrupt you regular broadcasting, for an pressing word from your president. F.D.R.     Good evening wildow the Statesns. I speak to you this evening about an urgent issue. I have recently met with my council and advisors on the events in Europe. Japan, Germany and Italy have become axis forces, in the fight to chastise our ally, colossal Britain. Together the axis powers have over-thrown much of Western Europe. We have passed the " coin-and-carry" on order to help bully Britain, by supplying when with heavy weapon and such needed for their win. Recently, Britain has run out of cash to pay for our supplies. I have been informed that it may not be possibly for America to remain inert in this war. In case of the axis powers defeating great(p) Britain it is possibly that they may not stop there. There is a run a risk that Germany, Japan and Italy will extend their fight to the western hemisphere, capturing the US into th eir power and over-throwing democracy. We, the American people can not sit back and watch these three nations over-power this continent or the continent of Europe. We essential fight for our people. We must fight for democracy.     These axis powers are three powerful armies combined, and it is our belief that Great Britain can not defeat them single-handedly. We have tried to remain neutral and only supply Britain with supplies, as long as they pay cash and carry it home on their own ships. Now, this is not prolonged possible. German U-boats are constantly attacking Britains supply ships, preventing supplies from getting there. Also, Britain no longer has the money to pay for these supplies. In entering this war, we could help Great Britain defeat these three powerful nations, and prevent the Untied States from future threat.     In reliable meetings with advisors a plan has been made to ease the US into this war. Over a year ago, a selec tive training and service act was signed, effected a peacetime draft, in preparation for this time. Germany has conquered many countries in Western Europe, including Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Holland and France. in short after Italy joined Germany in the fight to take over Europe, Romania, Greece and Yugoslavia fell into the hands of Hitler and Missolini. In January of this year, the Lend-Lease Act was passed. This allows the United States the right to remove or lend war materials to countries fighting Germany, Japan and Italy.

Death Penalty :: essays research papers

According to Hugo A. Bedau, the writer of The demise Penalty in America, capital punishwork forcet is the lawful trouble of the termination penalization. The death penalization has been used since ancient times for a wide variety of offenses. The Bible says that death should be done to anyone who commits murder, kidnaps, or witchcraft. Treason, murder larceny, burglary, rapes, and arson was major felonies in England 1500s. By 1800, the death penalty was being used quite frequently. I suppose the death penalty is not a way to stop crimes. It sometimes hides innocent masses and gives the criminal what they wanted. Sentencing someone to die should be taken more into thought.A personal experience dealt with a lady named Marlene Newcomer, who worked with my mom twenty geezerhood ago. Two men were on a New Years Eve Murdering Spree. The two guys were hitch hiking until Marlene saw them and picked them up. They shot her and left her ashes in the back of her Blazer. Two other mou ntain were killed also. The two men are on death row still today. Another capitol punishment case that everyone has heard of was Timothy McVeigh getting the death penalty. He was entangled in the Oklahoma bombing. Timothy wanted to be put to death instead of living the rest of his liveliness in jail. The website deathpenalty.org shows many reasons that I agree with saying how the death penalty is not a thoroughly punishment. Deterring people from killing others has failed with execution. People keep committing crimes. Other studies have shown that quadruplet hundred innocent people were on death row and 99 innocent people in the past twenty years were sentenced. roughly every religion goes against the death penalty. If it says on money In perfection We Trust then shouldnt we stop this capitol punishment?Many people believe that the death penalty is a good punishment. They say and believe in an eye for an eye. People say if the criminal took the life of another, their life sho uld be taken away. I think that the law is contradicting itself when they want to kill someone for killing another person. People should be left in jail to suffer and think about what they have done.

The Uplifting Tale of Today Will Be a Quiet Day Essay -- Today Will Be

The Uplifting Tale of straight off Will Be a quiet Day Some readers see death, however when I read the tarradiddle Today Will Be a Quiet Day by Amy Hempel, I find it to be a illumination hearted, first-hand account of people coping with novelty. Even its location in the put over of contents under the heading Childhood and Adolescent (Barnet), implies that the story is not about death at all. A newly defined family, sensation man, a boy and a girl, is faced with the aftermath of divorce and look for among themselves the intricacies of life. The story gives us sublime moreover keen insight into the transition and adjustments these three people make in this story. The childrens transition is tag by a rivalry, ane that surfaces early on in the story and is portrayed through delightful banter and retorts. The childrens bantering relieves both(prenominal) stress created by the un enduren tiny steps they are taking in establishing a new type of relationship with their father in the absence of their mother. At no time do the childrens clean antics towards one another escalate as indicated by critic Tara bread maker when she explains that their arguments become deeper than the usual childish bickering. Baker seems to believe the childrens take into one another are being fueled by tall(prenominal) situations they have had to deal with lately (170). Brian Motzenbecker supports my idea that the parents are divorced but finds symbolism in what the children discuss and the fathers quips (174). I offer suggest to the contrary that these stories within the story are meaningful but not symbolic at all. The rapid succession of jumping from one topic to the next suggests to me that the need for conversation without a break is necessary. It keeps everyone from at the same time t... ...d happily due to the father being able to encompass the stallion days events into his affirmation. The natural resilience his children display is admirable and credibly has much to do with how he and their mother raised them. They show a type of frustration that is both contained and civilized. They avoid expressing their emotions too much end-to-end the story. Their lives are continuing, and at this point Im sure the children know that even their father is going to be all right. Work Cited Baker, Tara. Is Today Really Quiet? Ode To Friendship Ed. Connie Bellamy. Virginia Beach Gann Designs, 1997. Hemple, Amy. Today Will Be a Quiet Day. Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York HarperCollins, 1991. Motzenbecker, Brian. Does It Spell accident? Ode To Friendship. Ed. Connie Bellamy. Virginia Beach Gann Designs, 1997.

Impact Of Television in Presidential Coverage Essay -- essays research

In the 1950s, television, having been introduced to political c overage as a new medium, surpassed the dominance of newspaper and radio media as the primary state-supported source of information regarding politics by 1962. political processes and events of various measures were whole soon televised in recognition of overwhelmingly positive public feedback. By the 1970s, live coverage of major political events were as common as seeing grass on the ground.      Through the impact of television, political campaigns and elections impart never been the same as they were before 1952 the presidential race betwixt Dwight Eisenhower and Adlai Stevenson. Political advertising enthusiast and author, Frank Biocca, states that this race was essential to run as we know it today creating a gateway in American politics as the Eisenhower campaign called upon product advertising executive, Rosser Reeves, to produce a series of short spot moneymaking(prenominal)s to enhance Eisenhowers image in the public eye. These ads, which were as well crafted as any product ad, appeared during commercial breaks of television programs and were the first of its kind. These pro-Eisenhower commercials, which Stevenson refused to do, helped shape a caring, friendly, and devoted persona of Eisenhower into the minds of the people which is credited to his electoral victory. Although Stevenson acknowledged the power of television, producing ads for his 1956 race, he still wasnt able to thwart Eisenhowers already-established popularity among the American people.     Political advertising in the use of television has become so significantly renown that it is the major form of communication among candidates and the voters they seek to reach out to according to Richard Brody, Stanford University Press. In realization of Eisenhowers success, every presidential campaign since 1952 has relied extremely on political ads. 40 years later, the political parties o f George Bush, Bill Clinton, and Ross Perot spent over $110 million for the production and air time of television drifter during the 1992 presidential race as reported in the Social scholarship Quarterly of June 1993. presidential victory is not the only concern of a particular political party, however, as 50-75% of the campaign budget for Senate and Congressional seating area goes to televised political advertiseme... ...ssing the President The Media, Elite Opinion, and Public Support. Stanford, California Stanford University Press, 1991. Chomsky, Noam (1989) Necessary Illusions purpose Control in Democratic Societies. BostonBiocca, Frank (1991) tv and Political Advertising (Vols. I & II). Hillsdale, N.J. Erlbaum. Patterson, Thomas, and Robert McClure. 1976. The Unseeing Eye The Myth of television set Power in National political sympathies. New York Putnams.Anonomous. "Television News and Presidential Campaigns The Legitimization of Televised Political Advertising.&qu ot Social Science Quarterly (Austin, Texas), June 1993.Cundy, Donald T. 1986. "Political Commercials and Candidate motion-picture show The Effect Can be Substantial."Mutz, Diana C. 1995. "Effects of Horse-Race Coverage on Campaign Coffers Strategic Contributing in Presidential Primaries." The Journal of Politics 57(4)1015-1042.          Kraus, Sidney (1988) Televised Presidential Debates and Public Policy. Hillsdale, N.J. Lawrence Erlbaum. Cunningham, L. (1995) Talking Politics Choosing the President in the Television Age. Westport, CT Praeger.